dc.contributor.author
Hoppmann, Christiane Andrea
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T14:35:29Z
dc.date.available
2005-01-31T00:00:00.649Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/111
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-4315
dc.description
TITLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS V
ABSTRACT VI
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VII
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2. THEORY 6
2.1. Conceptual Framework 6
2.1.1. On the Role of Personal Goals in Development 8
2.1.2. Contextual Factors and their Impact on the Content of Personal Goals in
Middle Adulthood 11
2.1.3. On the Relationship between Work and Family in Middle Adulthood 14
2.1.4. Relations between Work- and Family-Related Goals at the Individual
Level 17
2.2. Interpersonal Contributions to the Pursuit of Work- and Family-Related
Goals 20
2.2.1. Factors within the Partnership 21
2.2.1.1. Relations among the Goals of both Partners 22
2.2.1.1.1. Negative Interpersonal Goal Relations 22
2.2.1.1.2. Positive Interpersonal Goal Relations 24
2.2.1.1.3. Independence of Personal Goals 25
2.2.1.2. Antecedents of Positive and Negative Interpersonal Goal Relations 26
2.2.2. Grandparental Support in the Form of Childcare 27
2.2.3. Excursus: Investigating Mutual Influences in Social Relationships: The
Actor-Partner-Interdependence Model 30
2.3. Possible Consequences of Differences in Interpersonal Contributions to
the Pursuit of Work- and Family-Related Goals in Employed Parents 32
2.3.1. Micro Analytic Level: Patterns of Developmental Success as Indicated by
Behavioral, Experiential, and Physiological Indicators 33
2.3.1.1. Behavioral Indicators 34
2.3.1.2. Experiential Indicators 38
2.3.1.3. Physiological Indicators 39
2.3.2. Macro Analytic Level: Patterns of Developmental Success as Indicated by
Behavioral and Experiential Indicators 42
2.3.2.1. Behavioral Indicators 43
2.3.2.2. Experiential Indicators 44
2.4. Summary and Working Model 44
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES 48
3.1. How are Time-Related Characteristics of each Partner�s Work and Family
Goals Linked with Conflict and Convergence in Interpersonal Goal Relations? 49
3.2. Are Differences in the Quality of Interpersonal Goal Relations Associated
with Everyday Goal Pursuit and Goal Progress? 50
3.3. Does Access to Grandparental Childcare Facilitate the Combination of Work
and Family Goals in Employed Parents? 52
3.4. Is the Engagement in Goal Pursuit and Goal Progress Associated with High
Levels of both Subjective as well as Physiological Well-Being? 53
3.6. Summary 54
4. METHOD 57
4.1. Sample 58
4.1.1. Recruitment 58
4.1.2. Participants 58
4.1.3. Sample Selectivity 60
4.2. First Measurement Contact 61
4.2.1. Procedure 61
4.2.2. Measures 62
4.2.2.1. Personal Goals 62
4.2.2.2. Interpersonal Goal Relations 63
4.2.2.3. Antecedents of the Quality of Interpersonal Goal Relations 67
4.2.2.4. Grandparental Involvement in Childcare 68
4.2.2.5. Subjective Well-Being 68
4.3. Second Measurement Contact 69
4.3.1. Procedure 69
4.3.2. Measures 70
4.3.2.1. Morning Questionnaire 70
4.3.2.2. Day Questionnaire 71
4.3.2.3. Scale Aggregation 71
4.3.3. Reactivity 72
4.4. Third Measurement Contact 74
4.4.1. Procedure 74
4.4.2. Measures 74
4.4.2.1. Subjective Well-Being 75
4.4.2.2. Goal Progress 75
4.4.2.3. Goal-Specific Satisfaction 75
4.5. Advantages and Caveats of Assessments via Internet 76
4.6. Data Analytic Strategies 76
5. RESULTS 79
5.1. Gender Differences in the Content of Personal Goals, Time-Related Goal
Characteristics and Perceptions of Interpersonal Goal Conflict and Convergence
79
5.2. Time-Related Goal Characteristics and the Quality of Interpersonal Goal
Relations 82
5.2.1. Comparing the Relationship between Goal Characteristics and
Interpersonal Goal Conflict Ratings in Husbands and Wives 85
5.3. Micro-Analytic Processes in Daily Life: Effects of the Quality of
Interpersonal Goal Relations and Access to Grandparental Childcare on Everyday
Goal Pursuit and how it is Associated with Subjective Mood and Physiological
Arousal 87
5.3.1. Interpersonal Goal Relations and Goal Pursuit in Daily Life 87
5.3.2. Interpersonal Goal Relations and Variability in Goal Pursuit 91
5.3.3. Comparisons of the Relationship between Interpersonal Goal Relations
and Goal Pursuit in Husbands and Wives 93
5.3.4. Access to Grandparental Childcare and Daily Goal Pursuit 95
5.3.5. Relationship between Daily Goal Pursuit and Affect as well as Cortisol
98
5.4. Macro-Analytic Processes: Effects of the Quality of Interpersonal Goal
Relations and Overall Goal Progress and How it Relates to Different Indicators
of Well-Being 101
5.4.1. Interpersonal Goal Relations and Progress on Personal Goals 101
5.4.1.1. Gender Differences in the Relationship between Interpersonal Goal
Relations and Progress on Work and Family Goals 104
5.4.2. Overall Goal Progress and Well-Being 106
5.5. Follow-Up Analyses 108
5.6. Summary of Results 115
6. DISCUSSION 117
6.1. The Quality of Interpersonal Goal Relations Questionnaire 119
6.2. Antecedents and Consequences of the Quality of Interpersonal Goal
Relations 120
6.2.1. Individual Goal Characteristics and their Relationship with Conflict
and Convergence in Interpersonal Goal Relations 120
6.2.2. Conflict and Convergence in Interpersonal Goal Relations and Individual
Goal Pursuit 122
6.2.2.1. Interpersonal Goal Convergence: Everyday Goal Pursuit and Long-Term
Goal Progress 123
6.2.2.2. Interpersonal Goal Conflict: Everyday Goal Pursuit and Long-Term Goal
Progress 125
6.2.3. On the Buffering Effect of Access to Grandparental Childcare 131
6.2.4. The Relationship between Goal Pursuit and Goal Progress and Subjective
as well as Bodily Indicators of Well-Being 133
6.3. Gender Differences 136
6.4. Limitations 139
6.5. Outlook 142
7. REFERENCES 145
8. APPENDICES 165
8.1. Appendix A: Additional Information on the Instruments 166
8.2. Appendix B: Additional Analyses Using Aggregates and Modeling Error
Structures 172
8.3. Appendix C: Additional Analyses on the Consequences of Interpersonal
Conflict and Convergence Based on Correct Reports of Partner�s Goals 180
8.4. Appendix D: Additional Analyses on the Consequences of Interpersonal Goal
Conflict: Predicting Actor�s Goal Pursuit by Partner�s Goal Pursuit 181
9. LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 186
ERKLÄRUNG 186
dc.description.abstract
The present study focuses on interpersonal contributions to the pursuit of
work and family goals in employed parents with preschool children. The
combination of work and family is a central task in middle adulthood with a
potential for stress and enhancement. Based on the assumption that this task
is realized within the context of social networks such as families, the
present study aimed at integrating individual and social aspects into the
study of successful management of work and family goals in middle adulthood.
Informed by the collective extension of the model of selective optimization
with compensation (M. M. Baltes & P. B. Baltes, 1990; M. M. Baltes &
Carstensen, 1998) it was examined to which extent time-related characteristics
of both partners� work and family goals affect the organization of goals
between the partners, how conflict and convergence in interpersonal goal
relations influence the developmental success of employed parents, and whether
grandparental childcare buffers the negative effects of interpersonal goal
conflict in the present sample. The sample is composed of 42 dual-earner
couples with preschool children (M age = 37 years, M paid work = 41 h/week; M
number of children = 2). A short-term longitudinal design was chosen to
examine processes at different levels of abstraction. Predictors and global
outcomes were assessed 6 weeks apart via internet, with a one week time-
sampling phase in between. Results indicate that the time-intensity of
personal goals was positively related to reports of interpersonal goal
conflict and that the quality of interpersonal goal relations influences
pursuit and progress on work and family goals in the present sample.
Interpersonal goal convergence was positively related to daily goal pursuits
and overall goal progress. Results on interpersonal goal conflict reveal a
complex pattern. Within individuals, interpersonal goal conflict seemed to
enhance daily goal pursuit but also was related to high goal pursuit
variability, whereas between partners, a negative relation to goal pursuit was
found which was buffered by grandparental childcare. These opposing forces
might explain why interpersonal goal conflict was independent of overall goal
progress. Successful goal pursuit and goal progress were reflected by high
subjective well-being and low physiological arousal as indicated by free
cortisol in saliva. The findings of the present study are in line with
propositions by life-span scholars that successful development requires both
individual agency and interpersonal cooperation. The results show that
coordination of personal goals at the level of the couple fosters the
management of work and family goals in the present sample and that
grandparents contribute to the developmental success of employed parents by
providing childcare to small grandchildren.
de
dc.description.abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit interpersonellen Beiträgen zu der
Verfolgung von Berufs- und Familienzielen bei erwerbstätigen Elternpaaren. Die
Vereinbarung von Beruf und Familie ist eine zentrale Aufgabe des mittleren
Erwachsenenalters und birgt ein erhebliches Konfliktpotential. Ausgehend von
der Annahme, dass diese Aufgabe im Rahmen sozialer Netzwerke wie z. B. der
Familie realisiert wird, befasst sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit dem Einfluss
von individuellen und sozialen Aspekten auf die erfolgreiche Verfolgung von
Berufs- und Familienzielen im mittleren Erwachsenenalter. Im Kontext der
kollektiven Erweiterung des Modells der selektiven Optimierung mit
Kompensation (M. M. Baltes & Carstensen, 1998; P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes,
1990) geht es dabei um die Frage, wie die Ziele beider Partner zueinander in
Beziehung stehen, welche Faktoren einen Einfluss auf die Qualität
interpersoneller Zielbeziehungen auf der Ebene der Partnerschaft haben, und
wie sich der Zugang zu großelterlichen Kinderbetreuungsleistungen auf die
Vereinbarung von Berufs- und Familienzielen bei erwerbstätigen Eltern
auswirkt. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 42 berufstätigen Elternpaaren mit
mindestens einem Kind im Vorschulalter (M Alter = 37 Jahre; M Erwerbsarbeit =
41 Std./ Woche; M Kinderzahl = 2). Auf der Basis eines kurzen Längsschnittes
wurden Prozessen auf unterschiedlichen Abstraktionsebenen untersucht.
Prädiktoren und globale Kriterien wurden, mit einer dazwischen geschalteten
einwöchigen Zeitstichprobenerhebung, im Abstand von 6 Wochen über Internet
erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Zeitintensität persönlicher Ziele
positiv mit dem selbst berichteten interpersonellem Zielkonflikt assoziiert
ist und dass die Qualität interpersoneller Zielbeziehungen in der vorliegenden
Stichprobe einen Einfluss auf die Verfolgung und den Fortschritt in Berufs-
und Familienzielen hat. Interpersonelle Zielkonvergenz steht in einem
positiven Zusammenhang zu der Zielverfolgung im Alltag und dem
Zielfortschritt. Die Befunde zu interpersonellem Zielkonflikt ergeben ein sehr
komplexes Bild. Während interpersoneller Zielkonflikt auf der Ebene der Person
mit einer verstärkten Zielverfolgung im Alltag und einer hohen
Zielverfolgungsvariabilität verbunden ist, zeigte sich zwischen den Partnern
ein negativer Zusammenhang zur Zielverfolgung, der durch großelterliche
Kinderbetreuung gepuffert wird. Diese gegenläufigen Effekte bieten eine
Erklärung dafür, dass interpersoneller Zielkonflikt unabhängig vom
Zielfortschritt ist. Erfolgreiche Zielverfolgung und Zielfortschritt spiegeln
sich in einem hohen subjektiven Wohlbefinden und einer geringen
physiologischen Erregung wider. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie stehen
im Einklang mit der Annahme, dass eine erfolgreiche Entwicklung sowohl
individuelle Bemühungen als auch interpersonelle Kooperation erfordert. Sie
zeigen, dass eine Koordination von Zielen auf der Ebene des Paares die
Vereinbarung von Berufs- und Familienzielen unterstützt und dass Großeltern
einen wichtigen Beitrag zur erfolgreichen Entwicklung von berufstätigen Eltern
leisten wenn sie sich an der Betreuung von Enkeln beteiligen.
de
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
personal goals
dc.subject
work-family balance
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften
dc.title
Interpersonal contributions to the pursuit of work- and family-related goals
in middle adulthood
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Jacqui Smith
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Petra Klumb
dc.date.accepted
2004-11-15
dc.date.embargoEnd
2005-02-24
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-2005000242
dc.title.translated
Interpersonelle Beiträge zur Verfolgung von Berufs- und Familienzielen im
mittleren Erwachsenenalter
de
refubium.affiliation
Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000001748
refubium.mycore.transfer
http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2005/24/
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000001748
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access