dc.contributor.author
Obschonka, Felix
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T21:07:52Z
dc.date.available
2014-09-01T09:21:36.005Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/7434
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-11633
dc.description
1\.
Introduction..........................................................................................................1
1.1 Research
Objective........................................................................................2
1.2 Research
Questions.......................................................................................3
1.3 Dissertation
Outline........................................................................................4
2\. Theoretical
Background.......................................................................................7
2.1 Path Dependence in Technology
Adoption....................................................7 2.1.1 Arthur's
Extended Pólya Urn
...................................................................8 2.1.2
From the Pólya Urn to the Real
World...................................................15 2.1.3 The Dispute
about Path Dependence ...................................................21
2.2 From Technologies to Organizations
...........................................................24 2.2.1 A
Framework for Organizational Path Dependence..............................25
2.3 The Unlocking of Path Dependence
............................................................31 2.3.1 Unlocking
Technological Paths
.............................................................34 2.3.2
Unlocking Organizational Paths
............................................................37 2.3.3 Means for
Unlocking Organizational Paths ...........................................41
3. Method for Examining the Unlocking of
Paths...................................................49 3.1 Methodological
Issues in Path Research.....................................................49
3.1.1 Problems in Observing a Historical Process
.........................................50 3.1.2 Problems in Validating
Contingency......................................................52 3.1.3
Problems in Examining Emergence
......................................................52 3.1.4 Problem of
Lock-In Identification
...........................................................54 3.2 Artificial
Organizations: The Simulation Methodology..................................57
3.2.1 Methodological and Philosophical Issues of Simulations
......................58 3.2.2 A Protocol for Simulation
Research.......................................................59 4. State of
the Art in Simulations
...........................................................................65
4.1 Simulations in Management Research
........................................................65 4.1.1 System
Dynamics..................................................................................66
4.1.2 Agent Based Simulations
......................................................................68 4.2
Selecting an Appropriate Simulation
Approach............................................73 4.2.1 The March Model:
Simulating Organizational Learning.........................74 4.2.2 Extending
March: A Model with Interpersonal Learning........................82 5.
Development of a Formal
Model........................................................................87
5.1 Adapting the Behavior of
Agents..................................................................89
5.1.1 Selection of a Learning Partner
.............................................................89 5.1.2
Interpersonal Learning within the
Organization.....................................93 5.1.3 Self-Reinforcing
Mechanisms................................................................94
5.2 Integrating an Exogenous Shock
.................................................................95 5.2.1
Definition of an Exogenous
Shock.........................................................96 5.2.2
Integration of an Exogenous
Shock.......................................................97 5.3 Integrating
Turnover and
Reconfiguration....................................................98 5.3.1
Turnover of
Agents................................................................................98
5.3.2 Reconfiguration
.....................................................................................99
5.3.3 Integration of Turnover and Reconfiguration
....................................... 100 5.4 Integrating a Top Management
Team........................................................101 5.5 Simulation
Measures..................................................................................103
5.6 Transferring the Formal Model into Computer
Code..................................105 5.7.1 Modeling Software versus
Native Programming Language.................106 5.7.2 Validation of the
Simulation Model ......................................................108 6.
Simulation Experiments
...................................................................................119
6.1 The Baseline Model: Path
Formation.........................................................119 6.1.1
Analysis of the Baseline
Model............................................................120 6.1.2
Discussion
...........................................................................................
127 6.2 First Set of Experiments: Inducing an Exogenous Shock
..........................129 6.2.1 Discussion
...........................................................................................
133 6.3 Second Set of Experiments: Reconfiguration &
Turnover..........................137 6.3.1 Influence of Turnover on
Unlocking.....................................................139 6.3.2
Influence of Reconfiguration on Unlocking
.......................................... 142 6.3.3 Discussion
...........................................................................................
143 6.4 Third Set of Experiments: Influence of a Management
Team....................146 6.4.1 Top Management Team Influence on Path
Formation........................146 6.4.2 Top Management Team Influence on
Unlocking.................................149 6.4.3 Discussion
...........................................................................................
151 6.5 Comparison of the Simulation
Outcomes...................................................152 7. Summary,
Limitations & Further
Research......................................................157 7.1
Summary....................................................................................................157
7.2
Limitations..................................................................................................159
7.3 Further Research
.......................................................................................160
7.4 Concluding
Remarks..................................................................................162
References
..........................................................................................................163
A.
Appendices......................................................................................................191
A.1 Replication of the March Model
.................................................................191 A.2
Interpersonal Organizational Learning
Model............................................197 A.2.1 Simulation model
("OrgLearningModel.java") .....................................198 A.2.2 Agent
Logic
("SimilarityAgent.java")....................................................214
A.2.3 Grid
("Grid.java").................................................................................216
A.2.4 Agent
("Agent.java")............................................................................223
A.2.5 Agent Behavior
("GridAgent.java")......................................................225
A.2.6 Environment ("Environment.java")
......................................................229 A.3 Publications
...............................................................................................230
dc.description.abstract
While models of path dependence can explain how organizations fail, the notion
of organizations overcoming lock-in remains ambiguous. Although first means to
unlock paths were proposed in management literature, systematic testing if and
how unlocking is possible still needed further elaboration. Therefore the
dissertation at hand sheds some light on unlocking by integrating the logic of
escaping organizational paths into a four-phase model of path dependence and
testing how turnover, reconfiguration of the organizational structure and a
top management team affect the process of unlocking organizational paths.
These means were selected because prior literature hinted to their
effectiveness in unlocking paths. To show how unlocking can occur, a computer
simulation model based on the organizational learning model of March (1991) is
derived, that takes into account individual learning based on the similarity
between agents. The results of computer experiments show that heterogeneity
can be preserved over the path formation process under certain conditions.
Furthermore, the findings emphasize that heterogeneity in conjunction with an
exogenous shock facilitates the unlocking of organizational paths according to
the four-phase model of path dependence. Without such exogenous pressure the
organization is, in contrast to prior models, not able to escape lock-in. With
concern to the question how turnover, reconfiguration and a top management
team influence an organizations ability to unlock paths, the results vary
depending on the similarity parameter. The similarity parameter takes into
account that organizational members prefer similar individuals to learn from
and avoid to learn from dissimilar individuals. If the similarity value is set
to a high value, learning from dissimilar individuals is impeded, set to low
values individuals are more likely to learn from dissimilar others. The
computer experiments indicate that for low similarity values turnover proves
to be more effective compared to reconfiguration, and for high similarity
values, reconfiguration of the organization through rotation of agents is
advisable. In contrast, replacing the top management team proves to be
effective over all similarity values. These differences in the effectiveness
of means can be attributed to the presence of heterogeneity in individual
beliefs, their capability of learning from others and the coordination between
individuals in the organization.
de
dc.description.abstract
Das Berliner Drei-Phasen-Modell pfadabhängiger Prozesse erklärt, wie die
Handlungsfähigkeit von Organisationen aufgrund selbstverstärkender Effekte
eingeschränkt werden kann. Das Phänomen Pfadbruch, bei welchem
Organisationen etablierte Pfade verlassen, wird darin nur unzureichend
beschrieben. Obwohl in der Managementliteratur verschiedene Möglichkeiten zum
Aufbrechen von Pfadabhängigkeiten diskutiert werden, fehlt eine systematische
Überprüfung, ob und wie organisationale Pfade gebrochen werden können. Die
vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet diesen Aspekt durch die Integration der Logik
des Pfadbruchs in das Vier-Phasen-Modell von Sydow et al. (2005). Anschließend
wird getestet, wie Fluktuation, Restrukturierung und ein Management-Team einen
Pfadbruch beeinflussen. Um diesen nachzuweisen, wird eine Computersimulation
verwendet, welche auf dem organisatorischen Lernmodell von James March (1991)
basiert. Unter der Berücksichtigung, dass Individuen in ihrer Fähigkeit zu
lernen limitiert sind, wird ein similarity Parameter eingeführt, der die
Lernwahrscheinlichkeit, und damit den Lernerfolg, an die Ähnlichkeit von
Individuen innerhalb einer Organisation koppelt. Ein hoher similarity
Parameter erschwert das Lernen von Individuen mit geringer Ähnlichkeit,
während ein niedriger similarity Parameter Lernen von Individuen mit geringer
Ähnlichkeit erleichtert. Die Ergebnisse der Computerexperimente zeigen, dass
unter bestimmten Gegebenheiten Heterogenität während des
Pfadformierungsprozesses erhalten bleiben. Verbunden mit einem exogenen Schock
wird durch Heterogenität das Aufbrechen von Pfadabhängigkeiten ermöglicht.
Dies bestätigt ein Vier-Phasen- Modell pfadabhängiger Prozesse, in welchem
der Pfad nach der Lock-In-Phase gebrochen wird. In Übereinstimmung mit der
Pfadtheorie können Pfade dabei nur durch Druck von außen verlassen werden.
Inwiefern Fluktuation, Restrukturierung und ein Management-Team die Fähigkeit
einer Organisation Pfade zu verlassen beeinflusst, variieren die Ergebnisse.
Die Experimente zeigen, dass für niedrige Werte des similarity-Parameters,
das Auswechseln von Individuen effektiv ist, während für hohe Werte des
similarity- Parameters, Restrukturierung durch Rotieren von Individuen
innerhalb einer Organisation empfehlenswert ist. Ein Auswechseln des
Management-Teams manifestiert sich über alle similarity Werte hinweg als
effektiv. Diese Unterschiede in der Effektivität der Strategien zum Pfadbruch
kann durch die Präsenz von Heterogenität in den Überzeugungen von
Individuen, durch die Fähigkeit von anderen Individuen zu lernen und durch
die Koordination zwischen Individuen erklärt werden.
en
dc.format.extent
XXII, 230 Bl.
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
Path Dependence
dc.subject
Strategic Management
dc.subject
Agent-based Simulation
dc.subject
Organizational Learning
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften
dc.title
Integrating Unlocking of Organizational Paths into an Agent-Based Simulation
Model
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Natalia Kliewer
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Oliver Baumann
dc.date.accepted
2014-05-27
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000097243-8
dc.title.translated
Integration von Pfadbruch in ein agentenbasiertes Simulationsmodell
de
refubium.affiliation
Wirtschaftswissenschaft
refubium.affiliation.other
DFG-Graduiertenkolleg "Pfade organisatorischer Prozesse" (Pfadkolleg)
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000097243
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000015606
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access