Tracing transformation by tension: A multidisciplinary perspective on German performing rights organizations navigating conflict and technological changes

Abstract

This paper examines the evolving role of German Performing Rights Organizations (PROs) in the context of technological advancements and societal shifts, focusing on the tensions and transformations. Employing an interdisciplinary approach encompassing history, sociology, and computer science, the study analyzes three case studies spanning from the early 20th century to the present day. These cases explore tensions arising from monitoring practices in the 1930s, conflicts between the German PRO GEMA and actors of the underground electronic dance music scene, and the challenges posed by artificial intelligence (AI) to collective copyright management. The analysis highlights how PROs must adapt their core tasks – licensing, revenue collection, royalty distribution, and usage monitoring – to address technological disruptions and maintain cultural diversity. The paper concludes by advocating for increased transparency, technological openness, and interdisciplinary research to guide the future development of PRO business models in a rapidly changing media landscape.