We describe families of probe Dq-brane embeddings in the extremal black Dp-brane backgrounds of type IIA and type IIB supergravity, specified by an arbitrary holomorphic function of a complex coordinate on the worldvolume of the Dq-branes. These embeddings preserve one-quarter of the supersymmetry of the Dp-brane background, or sometimes one-half of the supersymmetry when p = q. We discuss the holography of two example families of holomorphic probe branes in the near-horizon limit of the D3-brane background. The first is probe D5-branes, dual to defect hypermultiplets with a holomorphic mass, which in the infrared flow to Wilson lines located at the zeros of the mass. The second is probe D3-branes, holographically dual to states in the presence of Gukov-Witten surface defects in the dual N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory.

Quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) chalcogenide semiconductors are emerging thin-film absorber candidates whose photovoltaic performance is strongly connected to the nanoribbon orientation. Among them, (SbxBi1-x)2S3 solid solutions provide composition-tunable optoelectronic properties, but the interrelation between close-spaced sublimation (CSS) growth conditions and nanoribbon orientation has not been systematically established. Here, we combine Bragg-Brentano XRD with texture coefficients (TC) and ribbon carrier transport (RCT) quantification, texture-XRD pole figure analysis, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method to assess nanoribbon orientation across (SbxBi1-x)2S3 thin films (x = 0, 0.1, 0.33, 0.5, 0.67, 0.9) deposited on soda-lime glass. For each composition, nanoribbon orientation is characterized against deposition rate and source/substrate temperature; within the tested deposition conditions window, the most favourable texture is achieved for (Sb0.5Bi0.5)2S3 grown at Tso = 460 °C and Tsub = 380 °C, with RCT = 82.3% and a nanoribbon tilt angle α′ ≈ 35° from the substrate normal; Bi2S3 and Sb2S3 favour more lateral orientations. The three independent texture characterization methods agree on α′ to within 9°, validating the protocol. GIXRD depth profiling reveals that all lattice parameters and microstrain increase from the substrate interface toward the film surface. Non-textured films exhibit the most prominent aggregation of microstrain. These findings establish quantitative texture versus process correlations for (SbxBi1-x)2S3 and provide guidance for absorber optimisation on technologically relevant substrates such as CdS and TiO2.

Phosphorus losses from agriculture remain key drivers of eutrophication in lowland catchments, where flat topography and artificial drainage complicate the representation of transport processes in water-quality models. The SWAT+ model was implemented for the Kielstau catchment in Northern Germany, a small rural lowland system with intensive agriculture, diffuse inputs from runoff, erosion, and point inputs from six wastewater treatment plants. Effects of simultaneous calibration for daily discharge, sediment and total phosphorus (TP) data on model performance and the trade-offs inherent to synchronous multi-objective calibration were assessed. A joint multi-metric framework was implemented using 10 000 model runs generated by Latin hypercube sampling of 25 sensitive SWAT+ parameters. Performance was evaluated using univariate performance criteria, duration-curve metrics, weighted objective functions, and Euclidean distance. Discharge performance was consistently high, whereas sediment and TP showed larger uncertainty, especially during high-flow events. Parameter interaction analysis highlighted CN2 (curve number controlling runoff generation), soil-moisture availability, and HRU slope length and steepness (controlling flow energy and erosion potential) as dominant controls on event-driven erosion and phosphorus transport. No single run achieved equally strong performance across all variables. Duration-curve and hydrograph diagnostics revealed systematic biases, including underestimated TP during low flows and sediment peaks during events. Weighted and multi-objective selection methods yielded the most balanced solutions, demonstrating the value of extending evaluations beyond aggregated goodness-of-fit metrics using temporal and segment-specific diagnostics to support robust calibration strategies in lowland systems. Nevertheless, model applications require explicit acknowledgement of structural limitations, parameter sensitivities and trade-offs.

The accurate prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) is critical for compound selection and determining the human efficacious dose in drug discovery. Besides predicting the key PK parameters clearance (CL) and steady-state distribution volume (Vss), the prediction of exposure metrics, e.g., maximum and trough concentrations (Cmax, Ctrough), are essential to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. Still, methods for predicting further PK-shape-defining parameters like absorption rate constant (ka), central and peripheral distribution volume (Vc, Vp), and intercompartmental clearance (Q) remain underexplored. Thus, this work aimed to improve the prediction of respective parameters, building up on a published PK-prediction-framework. The updated framework leveraged a multi-species PK model, enabling the joint prediction of shape-defining parameters by incorporating allometric scaling, while keeping established mechanism-based prediction methods for bioavailability (F) and CL. The performance of the multi-species model was tested for 40 small molecules with known human PK profiles and benchmarked against the literature framework, published alongside the data. The new predictions showed a reduction in geometric mean fold-error (GMFE) compared to the benchmark for both the predicted PK profile and its shape, associated with an improved prediction of Q and late concentrations (C24h). The overall improvement was primarily driven by compounds, exhibiting inconsistent PK model structures across species when applying the benchmark method. Meanwhile, the prediction performance on other compounds remained comparable, making the integrated multi-species PK-model framework a promising approach for human PK prediction, especially in cases where difficulties in individual species model integration are faced or accurate trough concentration prediction is a priority.

Echolocating bats emit acoustic pulses that get reflected off objects. The spatial information carried by the echoes enables bats to avoid obstacles in darkness. Usually, every pulse is followed by a cascade of echoes arising from multiple objects. By using echolocation sequences where single pulses are followed by echo cascades, we recently demonstrated that cortical neurons predominantly responded to the leading echo. Responses to lagging echoes from a cascade were suppressed, suggesting that spatial information from the most immediate object is processed at the cortex level. In that study, the leading echo was typically the most intense, leaving it unclear whether the echo selectivity was due to echo order or echo level. Here, we recorded from the auditory cortex of anaesthetized Carollia perspicillata, while stimulating the bats with echolocation sequences that contained echo cascades either with echo levels that were equally intense or where the leading echo was less intense than the lagging ones. Our results demonstrate that the echo level has only minor effects on neural processing and that the echo selectivity is mostly caused by the echo order. These results go in line with the neural time window of sensation hypothesis, proposed by Roverud and Grinnell. Whenever the bat hears a pulse, a neural time window opens, and any subsequent high-frequency signal within the spectral range of that pulse is by default classified as an echo, thereby closing the sensation window. This mechanism renders large parts of the cortex less responsive to distant objects, regardless of the echo intensity they produced.

1. Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in terrestrial ecosystems, raising global concerns that they may disrupt soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling and undermine agroecosystem contributions to climate mitigation. However, it remains unclear how degradable versus inert MPs affect microbially mediated SOC persistence. 2. We conducted a field experiment in a dryland agroecosystem using polyethylene (PE; inert) and polylactic acid (PLA; degradable) MPs at three residue levels, integrating metagenomics with SOC fractionation, microbial necromass quantification and extracellular enzyme stoichiometry to examine microbial pathways underpinning SOC persistence. 3. PE- and PLA-MPs followed contrasting patterns in SOC persistence. PE-MPs were observed to intensify microbial C limitation, enrich Actinobacteria, and increase the relative abundance of carbohydrate-degrading CAZy families, consistent with greater decomposition potential. In the non-labelled soil, POC declined by 10.5%–16.7% under PE-MPs, while microbial necromass formation was constrained and SOC showed a declining trend. In contrast, PLA-MPs were associated with higher relative abundances of genes involved in C and N metabolism and amino sugar/EPS synthesis. These responses were accompanied by a 3.6%–6.9% increase in microbial necromass and greater potential for EPS-related biosynthesis, together with a tendency towards higher mineral-associated organic C. 4. Collectively, these polymer-specific microbial responses highlight how plastic residues may either weaken or reinforce soil C persistence, with implications for forecasting agroecosystem C sinks and guiding plastic substitution and residue management under climate-relevant land stewardship.

Background and aims – The newly described species Arcytophyllum leymebambense sp. nov. (Rubiaceae) from the Amazonas department of northern Peru represents an isolated lineage within the monophyletic genus Arcytophyllum. This study aims to describe its distinctive morphological features and ecological context, assess its phylogenetic position, and discuss its implications for the diversification of the genus in the Andes.

Material and methods – Morphological observations were conducted on herbarium specimens and field collections from the type locality. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using nuclear and plastid DNA sequences from the tribe Spermacoceae, with particular emphasis on Arcytophyllum.

Key results – Arcytophyllum leymebambense sp. nov. is morphologically distinct from its congeners by its acuminate leaf and sepal apices, hirsute-lanuginose seeds, and the presence of protective hooks surrounding the ovary. It inhabits humid, high-elevation grasslands known as “Jalca,” where it coexists with a diverse assemblage of montane species. The species appears to be endemic to the region and is currently known from only three populations. Its restricted distribution, combined with potential threats such as overgrazing and fire, supports a preliminary conservation assessment as Critically Endangered (CR).

Conclusion – The discovery of Arcytophyllum leymebambense sp. nov. highlights the underestimated diversity of Andean Rubiaceae and provides evidence that Andean species form a grade within the diversification of Arcytophyllum. This pattern suggests a historical northward expansion of the lineage into the high mountains of Panama and Costa Rica.

Active learning (AL) is an increasingly important approach for data-efficient machine learning (ML) in materials science. It is widely used, from building training datasets to guiding autonomous materials discovery platforms. However, the performance of AL workflows depends on a number of often implicit design choices that are rarely examined systematically. Here, we critically analyze commonly used AL strategies in materials science, highlighting overlooked assumptions, hidden biases, and methodological limitations across different applications. Based on this, we provide practical guidelines to enhance the efficiency and reliability of AL workflows for materials science applications.

Cross-linked polymer resins are widely used as solid supports in solid-phase synthesis (SPS), where access to internal reactive sites depends on swelling of the gel-like polymer network. Despite its central role, swelling lacks well-defined physical metrics, limiting the rational design of SPS processes and reactor systems. Here, we investigate the swelling behavior of spherical polystyrene–divinylbenzene (PS–DVB, 1% cross-linked) resins in dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethylformamide (DMF) from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Combining the Flory–Rehner framework with Hansen solubility parameters, we show that attached glycans increase polymer–solvent affinity toward DCM, whereas peptides reduce it. The equilibrium swelling degree exhibits only a weak temperature dependence, while swelling kinetics in packed-bed geometries are strongly temperature dependent: relaxation times in DCM increase from 18 s at 20°C to 35 s at −30°C. These results establish quantitative time scales for resin swelling under SPS conditions and provide a mechanistic basis for using resin-volume changes as a real-time indicator of reaction progress.

Despite technological advancements in poultry production, accurately forecasting laying rates including sudden drops in egg production remains challenging. This study evaluated the potential of predictive modelling approaches to forecast laying rates and detect reduced production days using data integrated from multiple commercial free-range hen farms. Historical production and weather data from four commercial free-range farms (Farms A–D), comprising 106 flocks and 35,346 flock-days, were analysed. Three Random Forest models were developed: (1) a single-farm model using data from Farm A, (2) a multi-farm model integrating data from Farms B, C, and D, and (3) a combined model incorporating all farms (A–D). Model performance was assessed using Farm A as the target farm. Predictive accuracy was evaluated using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) for classification and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for regression tasks. The single-farm model achieved a median AUC of 0.86 and an RMSE of 2.8, demonstrating strong predictive ability. The multi-farm model achieved a slightly higher AUC (0.89) but lower regression accuracy (RMSE = 4.98). The combined model produced mixed outcomes, improving regression performance (RMSE = 2.55) but resulting in the lowest accuracy (AUC = 0.82). These results demonstrate that models developed using data from one farm can be effectively applied to another, highlighting the potential for cross-farm prediction. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating data from multiple farms can support forecasting of egg production in free-range systems, although combining datasets does not consistently improve model performance. This approach provides a basis for developing practical tools to assist producers in anticipating production changes and improving farm management.

Plastic pollution represents a threat to global ecosystems, as fragmentation generates nanoplastics (NPs) that pose ecotoxicological risks. Their nanoscale size and low concentrations make detection and removal from water challenging. Inspired by jellyfish mucus, we develop amphiphilic bottlebrush copolymers based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (OEGA). These polymers self-assemble into micelles and exhibit a reversible, temperature-induced sol-gel-syneresis transition, capturing NPs from solution in situ. Heating triggers hydrogel collapse via terminal OEGA-methoxy groups, enriching hydrophobic NPs within the matrix. Using fluorophore-labeled polystyrene NPs (20–1,000 nm), we achieve removal efficiencies of 68%–100%; activated carbon further improves performance. Pre-collapsed hydrogels enable passive filtration, capturing >70% within 24 h. Cooling dissolves the matrix and releases captured NPs, achieving recovery efficiencies of up to 61% after ultracentrifugation for trace analysis. Ionic groups enable selective dye capture, underscoring the system’s versatility as a modular, programmable platform for next-generation water purification technologies.

[NiFe]-hydrogenases are highly efficient metalloenzymes capable of reversibly converting hydrogen gas into protons and electrons, positioning them as valuable catalysts for sustainable hydrogen production and bioenergy systems. However, their practical deployment is limited by poor stability and the difficulty of integrating them into solid supports without compromising activity. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a promising platform for enzyme immobilization due to their high surface area, tunable pore environments, and robust chemical stability. These features can improve enzyme loading, protect structural integrity, and enhance overall catalytic performance. Here, we report a rapid in situ encapsulation strategy that embeds a membrane-bound [NiFe]-hydrogenase (MBH) directly into the network of a 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and p-phenylenediamine (Pa) β-ketoenamine COF (denoted MBH@TpPa) within 10 min. This approach bypasses multistep post-synthetic procedures typically required for enzyme immobilization and preserves the intrinsic activity of the enzyme. The resulting MBH@TpPa biohybrid exhibits outstanding photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity, achieving 2.59 mmol g−1 h−1, a 43-fold enhancement over the pristine COF and more than three times the performance of Pt-loaded TpPa. In addition, MBH@TpPa catalyzes sustainable hydrogen oxidation, a more demanding transformation, demonstrating its bidirectional reactivity. These results establish MBH@TpPa as a versatile and robust biohybrid catalyst with significant potential for solar-driven and renewable energy applications.

Fe3⁢GeTe2 is a paradigmatic van der Waals magnet with the full microscopic picture of magnetic interactions still under debate. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at 1.1 K to map out the low-energy physics on the surface. In agreement with previous works, we observe a spatially varying Fano line shape that has been ascribed to a Kondo resonance. In addition, we identify a small gap of ≈2.3meV width on top of the larger-energy Fano resonance. We suggest that this gap is the signature of a coherent Kondo lattice that has been proposed to originate from hybridization of a strongly dispersing and a flat band both derived from 𝑑 electrons of the Fe atoms in the lattice. Adding magnetic adatoms on the surface hardly influences the magnetic signatures of the substrate, indicating the robustness of the intralayer Kondo correlations against magnetic adsorbates.

Mineral replacement reactions often proceed through an interface-coupled dissolution–precipitation (ICDP) mechanism, where the development of porosity networks can govern the extent of transformation. Here, we investigate how pre-existing porosity networks formed during a previous ICDP event influence subsequent mineral transformations. Specifically, we track the conversion into strontianite (SrCO3) of two kinds of materials: (a) pristine single crystals and (b) porous pseudomorphs generated in a previous replacement reaction. Our results reveal that, under identical experimental conditions, transformations from porous pseudomorphs advance significantly further and faster than in nonporous single crystals. In single crystals, the absence of porosity limits fluid access, while the interconnected pore network in pseudomorphs enables rapid fluid infiltration and fast initial and continuous reaction progress. These findings demonstrate that inherited microstructures play a key role in the efficiency of ICDP-driven mineral transformations, with implications for understanding fluid–rock interaction, metasomatism, and evolution of porosity in geological systems. Beyond their geological relevance, these findings open new opportunities for the control and design of reactive porous materials and the optimization of mineral transformation reactions in industrial applications.

In this study, we found that the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strain EDL933 Δstx1/2 is highly resistant to many phages. The three phage defense systems Zorya II, Druantia III, and DISARM-related Antiviral Defense Array (ARMADA II) are encoded on O-island 172 (OI-172) in strain EDL933. Sequence comparison revealed that the three phage defense systems co-occur in 426 E. coli strains, including 277 O157:H7 isolates and 117 diverse non-pathogenic strains. Efficiency of plating (EOP) assays was used to explore the phage spectra and synergy of the three defense systems, and their contribution to the phage resistance of the host strain EDL933 Δstx1/2. Using ΔzorABE, ΔdruHE, and ΔarmABCD single system deletion mutants in EDL933 Δstx1/2, we showed that Druantia III and ARMADA II significantly protect to different extents against a similar spectrum of phages, including the Drexlerviridae, Queuovirinae, Demerecviridae, Vequintavirinae, Stephanstirmvirinae, and Autographivirales, whereas Zorya II only provided protection against Autographivirales. Further EOP and growth experiments indicated significantly synergistic and additive interactions of Druantia III and ARMADA II against a broad phage spectrum. The defense pair Druantia III and Zorya II was found to interact additively against a few phages. Altogether, our results revealed that Druantia III and ARMADA II are responsible for most of the phage resistance of EDL933 Δstx1/2, whereas Zorya II provides additional immunity against Autographivirales. Future studies are underway to elucidate the molecular basis of the synergistic interactions between the Druantia III and ARMADA II defense systems.

Die Debatte um ein Social-Media-Verbot für Minderjährige setzt einseitig auf Beschränkung und ignoriert die Frage der digitalen Teilhabe. Wer Jugendliche von kommerziellen Plattformen fernhalten will, ohne hochwertige Alternativen zu bieten, lässt sie mit den strukturellen Problemen allein. Zugleich ist Qualitätsjournalismus jenseits öffentlich-rechtlicher Medien für junge Menschen hinter Paywalls systematisch unzugänglich. Das wirft Gerechtigkeitsfragen (Art. 17 UN- Kinderrechtskonvention) auf und hemmt die Förderung von Lesekompetenz, Urteilsfähigkeit und demokratische Meinungsbildung. Unser Vorschlag: eine gemeinnützige, europäische Plattform – ein „Spotify für Journalismus“ –, die Qualitätsjournalismus datenarm, werbefrei und multiperspektivisch vornehmlich für Bildungszwecke zugänglich macht. Ein niedrigschwelliger Zugang über Schule und Bibliothek, ohne Anmeldung, ohne Tracking unterstützt Kinder und Jugendliche in ihrer freien Meinungsbildung. Warum es trägt: Verlage erreichen junge Zielgruppen, die sie sonst verlieren. Das ist kein „nice to have“, sondern eine Überlebensfrage. Die Beteiligung lässt sich über den UrhWissG-Rahmen strukturell verankern. Die Plattform wäre ein konkretes Umsetzungsinstrument des European Media Freedom Act. Was jetzt gebraucht wird: ein Angebotsprogramm ergänzend zur Regulierungsdebatte, eine deutsche Pilotphase als Proof of Concept und die Erweiterung des UrhWissG-Rahmens für den eigenständigen Volltext-Zugriff durch Schülerinnen und Schüler.

The structure and viscosity of interfacial hydration layers critically govern charge-transfer, kinetics, and molecular diffusivity in electrocatalysis and energy conversion. Yet, despite their relevance particularly in confined catalysis, the viscosity variations across interfacial zones, of a finite width (interphases), remain largely unexplored. Here, we combine localized friction force analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, to reveal how alkali metal cations influence the hydrogen-bond network of gold–electrolyte interfaces under nanoconfinement. For potassium cations (K+) in aqueous perchlorate electrolyte, friction decreases linearly with increasing electrolyte concentration, evidencing a lubricating effect. Simulated density and viscosity profiles for chloride electrolytes show that chaotropic K+ ions weaken the hydrogen-bond network, similarly to cesium cations (Cs+). The interphasial layer exhibits a zone of reduced density and viscosity, followed by an adjacent zone where the viscosity clearly rises above the bulk level. These molecular-level insights are broadly relevant to understanding and quantitatively describing interphasial molecular mobility in catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

Background: Creative and arts-based techniques are increasingly integrated into child and adolescent psychotherapy, yet little is known about how they are applied in routine practice and whether their use differs when working with racially minoritized youth. This study examined the prevalence, clinical functions, and contextual positioning of art-based techniques among therapists in Germany, with a focus on identity-informed applications in work with clients of Color and clients from Black ethnic groups.

Methods: This study reports data from the German arm of the CREATE project, an online cross-sectional mixed-methods research initiative conducted in Germany and the United Kingdom. Therapists working with children and adolescents (N = 98; Mean age = 36.60, SD = 9.84) completed quantitative items on use, goals, and perceived preparedness across client contexts (general vs. PoC vs. Black), and provided open-ended responses on strengths, challenges, and barriers. Quantitative analyses used descriptive statistics and non-parametric within-therapist comparisons; qualitative data were analyzed via framework analysis.

Results: Overall, 62.2% of therapists reported using art-based techniques (51.0% exclusively; 11.2% combined with music-based methods). Use was most frequent in individual settings and was primarily described as transdiagnostic, targeting emotional access, engagement, nonverbal communication, and experiential processing; diagnosis-specific mentions were less common (most often anxiety, ADHD, depression, and trauma-related symptoms). Therapists with experience working with BIPoC clients and with non-binary clients were more likely to use art-based techniques. Within-therapist comparisons showed significantly lower perceived preparedness in PoC contexts, alongside reduced endorsement of art-based techniques for relationship-building and for supporting nonverbal communication of difficult-to-express experiences. Qualitative findings highlighted benefits for communication, emotional expression, access to avoided topics, and self-efficacy, while barriers centered on limited training, institutional constraints, and uncertainty about structuring and integrating techniques. Only 17.3% reported racism-informed training and 4.1% training on racial trauma.

Conclusions: Art-based techniques are widely valued and used flexibly in German routine child and adolescent psychotherapy, predominantly as transdiagnostic, process-oriented tools. However, their positioning in minoritized contexts appears shaped by lower therapist preparedness and limited racism-informed training. Integrating structured training in creative techniques alongside culturally responsive and racism-informed psychotherapy may support more confident, relational, and identity-informed application in diverse youth populations.

Der Beitrag ist ursprünglich die Einleitung zu einer aus Vollregesten und vereinzelten Volltexten bestehenden Edition. Er bietet eine Einführung in die Quellenlage zur Geschichte der Juden in der Mark Brandenburg zwischen 1273 und 1347. Nach einer knappen Einführung ins Untersuchungsgebiet wird die Überlieferungsgeschichte geschildert. Hierbei wird auf die Überlieferungsprobleme und die disparate Quellenlage eingegangen. Auf eine Vorstellung der Hauptüberlieferungsstränge folgt ein Überblick über anzutreffende Quellentypen oder -gattungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der kommunalen Überlieferungsbildner. Schließlich wird der Editionsstand skizziert, bevor die Präsentation im Rahmen des Editionsvorhabens dargelegt wird. Einzelne Quellen werden im Besonderen angesprochen und mit online zugänglichen Bearbeitungen verknüpft.

Bistorta officinalis (Polygonaceae) rhizome has long been used in traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea and inflammation. However, the active components and molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain insufficiently defined. The aim of the study was to characterise the chemical composition of B. officinalis rhizome, isolate major constituents, evaluate their antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity against enteric pathogens, cytotoxicity, transepithelial permeability, and effects on intestinal barrier integrity. Chemical composition of the extract was assessed using UHPLC-DAD-MSn, and structure elucidation of isolated constituents was based on NMR experiments. Antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. enterica was evaluated with broth microdilution method, cytotoxicity against IPEC-J2 cells with MTT assay, and anti-adhesive activity against E. coli with flow cytometry. RSLC-Q Exactive Focus Orbitrap MS was used to assess transepithelial permeability. Impact on intestinal barrier integrity was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance of IPEC-J2 cell monolayers, and expression of tight junction proteins was evaluated with Western blotting. The extract exhibited a profile dominated by hydrolysable and condensed tannins, of which seventeen were isolated. Modest antimicrobial activity, low cytotoxicity (IC50 = 410 μg/mL), and no anti-adhesive activity were observed. Low-molecular-weight phenolics permeated IPEC-J2 monolayers, whereas high-molecular-weight procyanidins did not. Both extract and isolated compounds enhanced intestinal barrier integrity. The extract upregulated occludin and tended to increase claudin-4, while a galloylated catechin dimer enhanced claudin-4 expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that B. officinalis rhizome promotes gastrointestinal health primarily by modulating expression of tight junction proteins rather than direct antimicrobial or antiadhesive properties.