Continental palaeoclimate archives in subseasonal resolution remain limited in Europe, restricting insights into short-term environmental variability. This study investigates the freshwater gastropod Viviparus hellenicus as a potential high-resolution climate archive, using specimens from six habitats in Lake Trichonida, Greece, a large, deep lake in a semi-arid Mediterranean setting. Stable isotope patterns across shell ontogeny reveal sinusoidal δ18O patterns indicative of annual cycles, with minimal seasonal bias and strong correlation to water temperature. These trends suggest that evaporation exerts limited isotopic influence in well-buffered, deep limnic systems despite semi-arid climatic conditions. In contrast, shells from a nearby shallow, transitional site show greater sensitivity to shifting water sources and evaporative enrichment of the lake water, underscoring the role of local hydrology in shaping isotopic signals. While the shells reliably record seasonal interannual temperature variability, observed δ18O offsets and intraspecific variability complicate absolute temperature reconstructions. These uncertainties are likely to be amplified in fossil assemblages. Overall, Viviparus shells are considered promising high-resolution archives of continental climate, provided that local ecological and hydrological contexts are carefully considered.

Introduction

Medication reviews (MR) can improve medication safety, especially when followed by continuous medication management (MM). The interprofessional MM program ARMIN resulted in a significantly reduced mortality risk. To gain a deeper understanding of what contributed to this effect, we aimed to investigate the pharmaceutical interventions (PI) conducted by the community pharmacies and their communication with the physicians.

Methods

We conducted an intervention study in the ambulatory setting with a pre-post design and an observational period of approximately 6 months per patient to assess (1) number and types of drug-related problems (DRP) identified and solved, (2) to evaluate PIs conducted, (3) changes in the medication, (4) clinical and economic impact of the PIs, and (5) involvement of the physicians with respect to type and relevance of DRPs.

Results

79 patients received 10.2 drugs at baseline (median: 9, range 5–26). (1) 420 DRPs were detected during the initial MR and 50 DRPs during MM. (2) 538 PIs were conducted. (3) Changes in the medication were observed in all patients. (4) 404 PIs (76.0%) were classified as successfully implemented. Of these, 84.2% had minor and 12.6% moderate clinical impact. Most of the PIs (81.9%) had no effect on costs. (5) In 42.2% (n = 227) of PIs, the prescribing physician was contacted.

Conclusion

Within ARMIN it was possible to solve DRPs with PIs resulting in changes in medication and having a potential clinical impact. The implementation rate shows that intensive collaboration with clear responsibilities between CP and physician is crucial.

Im Jahr 2025 wurden erneut zahlreiche Kurse zur guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis für Promovierende angeboten. Dabei überstieg die Anzahl der Kursteilnahmen, die Anzahl der an der FU abgeschlossenen Promotionen. Das Thema „Künstliche Intelligenz“ gewann sowohl in den Kursen für Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen als auch in den Angeboten für Studierende zum wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gemeinsam mit HU, TU und der Charité bot die FU zum ersten Mal auch einen Online-Kurs zur guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis an. Die Anti-Plagiatssoftware für Lehrende wurde in den Regelbetrieb überführt. Im Rahmen des Tags der guten wissenschaftlichen Praxis wurde erstmalig der Rosalind-Franklin-Preis für wissenschaftliche Integrität vergeben. Die Anzahl der Anfragen bei den Ombudspersonen bzw. der Koordinationsstelle für wissenschaftliche Integrität ist im Vergleich zum Vorjahr erneut angestiegen. Wie schon 2024 kamen die meisten Hinweise auf wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten von Nachwuchswissenschaftler*innen, während bei den Beschuldigten die Hochschullehrer*innen die größte Gruppe bildete. Über zwei Drittel der Hinweisgeber*innen waren weiblich. Neben vermeintlichen Plagiaten standen diesmal vor allem Autorschafts- und Betreuungskonflikte im Vordergrund. Eine förmliche Untersuchung wurde eingeleitet und abgeschlossen.

Este artigo examina a integração da performance em exposições de museus de arte no Rio de Janeiro, destacando três experiências específicas ocorridas no Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro e no Museu de Arte do Rio, nos anos de 1965, 2013 e 2023. Essas experiências fornecem uma compreensão aprofundada sobre como a performance desafiou as práticas tradicionais dos museus clássicos de arte desde os anos 1960, e também como ela pode apontar para novas formas de atuação e presença no ambiente museológico, relacionando-se ao que alguns autores chamam de prática decolonial ou giro decolonial (Quijano, Carvalho Britto). A metodologia adotada para a elaboração deste artigo baseia-se na revisão de literatura sobre estudos decoloniais e autores do campo da Sociomuseologia, bem como em como entrevistas com artistas. Além disso, a autora esteve presente em uma das performances trabalhadas no artigo, e uma descrição do que foi observado será utilizada para a análise. O artigo estudará elementos conceituais e estéticos das peças de performance, bem como sua relação com o museu, os funcionários do museu, o público e a cidade como um todo. O objetivo é fornecer uma visão aprofundada que aborde diversos aspectos relevantes ao considerar a performance ou a dança contemporânea, ou seja, a arte em movimento, como uma prática decolonial nos museus.

Understanding what predicts students’ educational outcomes is crucial to promoting quality education and implementing effective policies. This study proposes that the efforts of students, parents, and schools are interrelated and collectively contribute to determining academic achievements. Using data from the China Education Panel Survey conducted between 2013 and 2015, this study employs four widely used machine learning techniques, namely, Lasso, Random Forest, AdaBoost, and Support Vector Regression, which are effective for prediction tasks—to explore the predictive power of individual predictors and variable categories. The effort exerted by each group has varying impacts on academic exam results, with parents’ demanding requirements being the most significant individual predictor of academic performance; the category of school effort has a greater impact than parental and student effort when controlling for various social-origin-based characteristics; and significant gender differences among junior high students in China, with school effort exhibiting a greater impact on academic achievement for girls than for boys, and parental effort showing a greater impact for boys than for girls. This study advances the understanding of the role of effort as an independent factor in the learning process, theoretically and empirically. The findings have substantial implications for education policies aimed at enhancing school effort, emphasizing the need for gender-specific interventions to improve academic performance for all students.

The Jupiter and Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) will investigate the Jovian system with multiple instruments over several years, beginning in early 2031. This paper describes the historical context and state of knowledge, as well as JUICE’s scientific goals and measurement techniques of the satellites that will not be encountered in close flybys. These include the large volcanically active moon Io, the four small inner moons Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, and Thebe, and the numerous small Irregular (outer) moons. JUICE will provide multiple opportunities to observe Io from relatively remote distances of hundreds of thousands of kilometers. These observations will enable monitoring of Io’s surface for changes, and for the study of its neutral clouds and plasma torus. Io observations will be performed with the four optical remote sensing instruments and with the Particle Environment Package. For the small inner moons it is planned to obtain complete geographic longitude (scales up to 8 km/px), solar-phase and multi-color coverage, oblique polar views, and UV to near-IR spectra. Astrometric measurements will also be performed. The Irregular moons will mostly appear unresolved to the JUICE instruments. Nonetheless, long-duration disk-integrated lightcurves will be acquired to derive rotation periods, object dimensions, pole-axis orientations, and colors for most objects for the first time. From these data, convex-shape models will be generated and phase curves determined. Furthermore, the precision of the orbital elements will be improved via accurate astrometry. UV and near-IR measurements will be attempted for the largest of these objects.

Cytokinin is a plant hormone that regulates several yield-related traits in plants. Previously, it was demonstrated that in tetraploid oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.), mutation of all four cytokinin-degrading BnCKX3 and both BnCKX5 genes resulted in increased cytokinin concentration, larger and more active inflorescence meristems, and a higher number of ovules per gynoecium. This resulted in the formation of more flowers and pods on the main stem, thereby increasing seed yield from the main stem of the plants. Here, we investigated the relative contributions of distinct combinations of BnCKX3 and BnCKX5 genes of the A and C genomes to these yield components. Our analysis revealed an unexpectedly strong role for BnCKX5 in regulating these traits and identified distinct supportive BnCKX3 gene mutant combinations. These findings facilitate the selection of relevant alleles for breeding. Furthermore, seeds from BnCKX gene mutant plants showed oil content and concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids similar to those of the wild type. Taken together, this study provides further insight into the role of cytokinin and BnCKX genes in regulating yield components in oilseed rape and provides novel information on functionally relevant alleles.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly types 16 and 18, are major contributors to cervical cancer through the oncogenic activities of the E6 and E7 proteins. These viral proteins inactivate the tumour suppressors p53 and pRB, driving uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In this study, we investigated the interaction between the HPV E7 protein and the R2TP complex, a co-chaperone involved in essential cellular functions, including ribosome biogenesis, transcription, and macromolecular assembly. We identified PIH1D1, a core R2TP subunit, as an interacting partner of HPV16 and HPV18 E7 proteins. Mutagenesis and pull-down assays showed that phosphorylation of HPV E7 by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is critical for this interaction, as mutations of serine residues within the CK2 phospho-acceptor site on E7 disrupted the binding with PIH1D1. Furthermore, PIH1D1 facilitated the association of E7 with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), forming a complex that likely promotes cancer cell proliferation. Immunohistochemical analysis of cervical cancer tissues revealed overexpression of PIH1D1, RUVBL1, and RPAP3—key components of the R2TP complex. Functional assays confirmed that PIH1D1 is crucial for cervical cancer cell growth and migration, as its silencing reduced E7 stability and impaired proliferation. Collectively, these findings highlight that PIH1D1, and by extension, the R2TP complex, is integral to the HPV-driven malignancy and suggest potential as therapeutic targets in HPV-related cancers. Importance Despite being largely preventable through vaccination, cervical cancer is a significant concern for public health. Research is essential to understand the factors contributing to its high incidence and mortality and to devise effective prevention and treatment strategies. We investigated the functional role of PIH1D1, a core subunit of the R2TP complex, in the HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. The interaction of the R2TP complex, HPV E7, and the tumour suppressor pRB proteins may be essential in driving malignant transformation.

What is the relationship between the decline of global governance (GG), the rise of a systemic conflict, the fading away of the liberal international order (LIO) and the increased pressure on international organizations (IO) under pressure? How do we relate these developments to hegemonic decline and the declining attractiveness of the liberal script? I aim to analyze the relationship of these often-conflated concepts with the NALFI framework. Applying the framework leads me to three substantial arguments. First, at the end of the 20th century, an LIO emerged, which was characterized by a GG system. This system carried the seeds of contestation and decline within it. Second, as a consequence, a systemic conflict similar to the one between the socialist and the liberal capitalist world in the second half of the 20th century seemed to emerge. In this constellation, the hegemon and its liberal-democratic allies aim to maintain the LIO against autocratic contestations and attacks. Third, the success of authoritarian forces within liberal democracies, including their rise to power—Modi, Orban, and Trump are only the best-known names standing for this development—has changed the situation again. We seem to be moving to a world in which a purely bilateral hegemonic conflict between the USA and China is embedded in a tripartite ideological structure with populist authoritarians, bureaucratic authoritarians, and liberal democracies as the major players. This most recent development may lead back to the 19th century when an ongoing power struggle led to a Concert with little underlying normativity.

Coherent phonons describe the collective, ultrafast motion of atoms and play a central role in light-induced structural dynamics. Here, we use terahertz (THz) scanning tunneling microscopy to excite and detect coherent phonons in semiconducting 2H-MoTe2 and resolve how their excitation is influenced by atomic-scale defects. In a THz pump-probe scheme, we observe long-lived oscillatory signals that we assign to out-of-plane breathing and in-plane shear modes, which are both dipole forbidden in the bulk. The relative excitation strength of these modes varies near defects, indicating that tip-induced local band bending modulates the coupling to the THz field. This defect-tunable coupling offers previously unidentified opportunities to control selective excitation of vibrational modes at the nanoscale.

Background

Blood cultures (BCs) are the gold standard for identifying bacterial bloodstream infections and are vital for directing antimicrobial treatment.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Characterize BC results and diagnostic testing in veterinary medicine. Pathogen identification (ID) results, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results, and management factors were investigated to identify optimization opportunities.

Animals

A total of 750 BCs from 687 dogs presented between January 2014 and September 2022 at a German teaching hospital, with 102 positive BCs from 101 dogs.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of historical data. A BC system suitable for aerobic and anaerobic pathogens was used.

Results

Blood culture yield (clinically relevant growth in 102/750 BCs) was 13.6%, and the contamination rate was 1.9%. Commonly isolated pathogens were Enterobacterales (n = 15/25 multidrug-resistant), coagulase-positive staphylococci (n = 3/23 methicillin-resistant), beta-hemolytic streptococci (n = 19), and obligate anaerobes (n = 22). Polymicrobial growth occurred in 8 BCs (7.8%). Median duration of the preanalytical phase (sampling until receipt in laboratory) was 1 day (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2), from receipt in laboratory until ID results 1 day (IQR, 1-2), and until AST results 2 days (IQR, 2-4). The preanalytical phase of BCs taken on weekends was a median of 1 day longer (P < .001). Dogs treated with antimicrobials within 7 days before sampling were 10.74 times more likely to yield a multidrug-resistant isolate (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.62-31.86).

Conclusions and clinical importance

Improving BC processing requires addressing the management factors BC yield, contamination rate, weekend sampling, and antimicrobial pretreatment. Detection of resistant bacteria emphasizes the need for more rapid processing to shorten the time to optimized antimicrobial treatment.

Over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Muslim modernist thinkers and writers in South Asia demanded a reconciliation between Islam and European thought in response to a perceived crisis of Islam. In the ensuing modernist movements, newly founded voluntary associations and their lay members played a crucial role in popularizing and disseminating modernist ideas on the ground, transforming definitions of both religious identity and community in the process.

Through an in-depth and multifaceted historical analysis of one of the foremost Muslim associations of colonial North India, the Society for the Defence of Islam (Anjuman-i Himayat-i Islam, established 1884 in Lahore), Maria-Magdalena Pruss proposes a nuanced understanding of Islamic modernism as a mode of thought, highlighting its internal diversity and complex development over a period of more than sixty years. The evolution of this influential association reveals the role and work of lay people, who are shown to be a highly active force in defining and redefining Muslim religious identity through social and educational reform, community welfare initiatives, polemical and apologetic publications, and debates – both within and outside the Muslim community – as well as anti-colonial and nationalist activism.

Turning the spotlight away from religious scholars and drawing from extensive, previously untapped local archives and vernacular source materials, Rethinking Islamic Modernism uncovers alternative and localized genealogies of Islamic modernism and makes a compelling argument for taking modernism seriously as a religious tradition in its own right.

Electron-magnon coupling at the interface between a normal metal and a magnetically ordered insulator modifies the electrical conductivity of the normal metal, an effect known as spin-Hall magnetoresistance. It can also facilitate magnon-mediated electric current drag, the nonlocal electric current response of two normal metal layers separated by a magnetic insulator. Additionally, spin and heat transport are coupled both in the magnetic insulator and across the interfaces to normal metals. In this article, we present a theory of these spintronic and spin-caloritronic effects for time-dependent applied electric fields 𝐸⁡(𝜔), with driving frequencies 𝜔 up to the terahertz regime. Our model describes how the dominant transport mechanism, coherent or incoherent magnons, evolves with the driving frequency 𝜔.

Heterostructures of normal metals (N) and magnetic insulators (F) show paradigmatic effects, such as spin-Hall magnetoresistance and electric drag currents. These effects are linear in the applied electric field 𝐸⁡(𝜔) . Normal metal–magnetic insulator heterostructures also exhibit a characteristic nonlinear response quadratic in 𝐸⁡(𝜔) , referred to as unidirectional spin-Hall magnetoresistance or spin-torque diode effect. In this article, we develop a theory of the bilinear response of FN bilayers and NFN trilayers for finite frequencies 𝜔 of the driving field and for four contributions that have been previously considered in the literature: Joule heating, phononmediated unidirectional magnetoresistance, the spin-torque diode effect, and magnonic unidirectional spin-Hall magnetoresistance. We identify their distinct dependencies on frequency and the magnetization direction of the magnetic insulator and examine their scaling with magnetic field and system geometry, providing a framework for experimental differentiation.

El artículo analiza la presencia de Ŷubrān Jalīl Ŷubrān y Amīn al-Rīḥānī en México mediante sus obras traducidas y notas biográficas en las revistas El Emir y al-Gurbāl. El análisis parte del marco conceptual sobre la literatura ectópica de Tomás Albaladejo y los planteamientos de la literatura sin domicilio fijo de Ottmar Ette. El objetivo es entender la presencia e importancia de la obra literaria de Ŷubrān Jalīl y la vida de Amīn al-Rīḥānī en el mahŷar mexicano. Destaca la importancia que la prensa mahŷar mexicana dio a estas figuras araboamericanas para aminorar el régimen racial del México postrevolucionario y para cultivar la libanitud y el libanismo en el mahŷar mexicano. Las fuentes secundarias se complementan con fuentes de archivos mexicanos, estadounidenses y franceses. Concluyo que las biografías y obras de ambos intelectuales araboamericanos fueron introducidas en México gracias a la labor de intelectuales y traductores para promover la afinidad de las autoridades mexicanas hacia el mahŷar mexicano, principalmente a la población de origen libanés, en un periodo de difusión del libanismo a larga distancia como una ideología de unidad nacional.

This paper explores the advantages of using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) as a computational approach to mapping replacement in language change. Historical linguistics assumes that when a construction replaces another construction, this process is gradual, affecting certain usage contexts before others. This model of replacement predicts that these usage contexts play a greater role for the decrease in usage frequency of the replaced construction than other contexts. As a case study, I examine the replacement of the perfect auxiliary ser ‘be’ with haber ‘have’ in the history of Spanish using a combination of LCA and regression analysis. Starting from the eight usage contexts identified with LCA, I observe changes in the preference for ser or haber to be used in these contexts. By using the predicted probability of assignment to these contexts as a dependent variable, I provide proof of significant replacement of ser with haber, but also of haber with ser, in contexts with perfective meanings. The absence of replacement in the remaining contexts leads me to postulate that ser underwent both functional specialization and renewal as its usage frequency declined. From a theoretical perspective, this study provides empirical evidence for a key assumption in historical linguistics, namely that replacement processes occur locally.

Stereochemical assignments of thiazoline-containing cyanobactins, a family of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, are often complicated due to the propensity of the exomethine and C-4 chiral centers of thiazolines to epimerize under basic and acidic conditions. In this work, we re-evaluate the proposed configuration of the leucine-thiazoline moiety of the cyanobactin-like cyclopeptide keenamide A. Using a fast and adaptable strategy for the synthesis of thiazoline-containing cyclopeptides, we synthesized four possible keenamide A stereoisomers, one of which was oxidized to mollamide C, the thiazole analogue of keenamide A. Comparison of the NMR spectra of synthetic keenamide A stereoisomers with that of natural keenamide A combined with X-ray crystallographic analysis indicates that the originally proposed (R)-configuration of the thiazoline ring of keenamide A must be revised to (S)-configuration. This work highlights the power of synthetic methods to inform the structure elucidation and structural revision of natural products, especially in cases where isolation and purification of natural material are not readily achieved.

This research investigates how political ideology shapes laypeople's evaluation of scientific studies examining cognitive differences between groups. In three experiments in Germany and the United States, participants evaluated identical research reports that varied only in the intergroup context—racial (Blacks/Whites) or ideological (liberals/conservatives)—and in which group appeared cognitively superior. Leftists/Liberals consistently rated studies favouring liberals over conservatives as more methodologically sound, less biased and more worthy of pursuit than parallel studies reporting Whites outperforming Blacks. Only White US conservatives (but not German rightists or Black US conservatives) showed a ‘mirror image’ pattern. Although both ideological groups’ research evaluations aligned with ideological in-group favouritism, only left-leaning participants tuned their evaluations to what they deemed socially acceptable research. These results contribute to debates over ideological (a)symmetry in lay assessments of contentious research, demonstrate its context dependence and expose a left–right asymmetry in the motivational processes underlying judgements of controversial science.

A core-shell strategy is introduced to overcome the dilemma of common non-graphitic hard carbon anodes, linking high reversible storage capacity to practically unacceptable irreversible losses in the first cycle(s). Just as graphite homogeneously combines effective lithium storage with an electrolyte solvent-sieving function, we show that both of these functions could be strategically integrated into non-graphitic carbons in a heterogeneous structure. Highly porous activated carbons are sealed by kinetically tuned gas-phase deposition of non-graphitic carbon to form a functional core-shell structure. Gas sorption porosimetry on core, shell, core–shell, and cracked core-shell particles confirms preserved core porosity and a semi-permeable shell. Diethyl carbonate sorption analysis is introduced as a more suitable probe than N2 or CO2 sorption, linking first-cycle losses to the liquid–solid interface of carbon anodes. The functional core-shell particles with much reduced diethyl carbonate uptake allow for high storage capacity and reduced first cycle losses. Delivering 400 ± 24 mAh g−1 with 82 ± 2% first-cycle reversibility, it is shown that three-stage Na storage in designed core-shell anodes can compensate for the larger size of sodium compared to lithium stored in graphite anodes (372 mAh g−1). The designed core-shell anodes show state-of-the-art performance with commercial promise.