dc.contributor.author
Planta, Katrin
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-13T11:04:44Z
dc.date.available
2018-06-13T11:04:44Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/22189
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-28
dc.description
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I TABLE OF CONTENTS I LIST OF ACRONYMS IV
LIST OF FIGURES VIII CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT AND
RESEARCH QUESTION 8 1.2 METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTION 14 1.3 AN
EXPLORATIVE, QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN: MOTIVATION AND OPERATIONALIZATION 22
1.3.1 AN INDUCTIVE, QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH 24 1.3.2 CASE STUDY DESIGN:
CHOOSING COLOMBIA AS THE RESEARCH SITE 27 1.3.3 DATA-GATHERING METHODS:
QUALITATIVE INTERVIEWS AND PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION 35 1.4 STRUCTURE OF THIS
STUDY 38 CHAPTER II: MILITANT IDENTITIES IN TRANSITION – TERMINOLOGIES AND
CONCEPTS 40 2.1 CHALLENGES TO RESEARCHING NON-STATE ACTORS, OR NSAGS AS
IDENTITY GROUPS 40 2.2 DECONSTRUCTING THE MAKING OF (EX-)COMBATANTS 49 2.3
REINTEGRATION OR POST-MILITANCY LIFE TRAJECTORIES 54 2.4 PEACE AND
PEACEBUILDING AS A CONCEPT AND PRACTICE 58 2.4.1 SITUATING (DD)REINTEGRATION
WITHIN THE PEACEBUILDING DEBATE 60 2.4.2 A CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION
PERSPECTIVE: PEACEBUILDING AS RELATIONSHIP (RE)BUILDING 66 CHAPTER III:
BREAKING TIES OR MOVING ON TOGETHER? RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF EX-COMBATANTS’
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES 70 3.1 EX-COMBATANT ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES AS A
THREAT TO POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY 72 3.2 SOCIAL CAPITAL – GOOD OR BAD?
75 3.3 EX-COMBATANT ORGANIZATIONS AS A RESOURCE FOR PEACE? 78 3.3.1 ASSETS 78
3.3.2 PEACEBUILDING FUNCTIONS: FROM SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE TO DEALING WITH
THE PAST 81 3.3.3 INTERIM SUMMARY 83 CHAPTER IV: OPERATIONALIZATION OF
RESEARCH DESIGN IN THE FIELD 85 4.1 ACCESS TO THE FIELD 87 4.1.1 CHOOSING A
MAIN RESEARCH SITE 87 4.1.2 SELECTION CRITERIA FOR RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS 88
4.1.3 GAINING ACCESS: CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES 90 4.2 METHODS OF DATA
GATHERING 94 4.2.1 GETTING TO KNOW POST-MILITANCY CHALLENGES – STRUCTURED
SURVEY INTERVIEWS 94 4.2.2 PROBLEM-CENTERED, NARRATIVE INTERVIEWS WITH EX-
COMBATANT ORGANIZATION MEMBERS 97 4.2.3 FORMAL AND INFORMAL PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION 99 4.3 DATA LIMITATIONS AND TRIANGULATION 100 4.4 RESEARCH AS
INTERACTION: REFLECTIONS ON THE CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD 103 4.4.1 ISSUES OF
TRUTH AND OBJECTIVITY: RESEARCH AS (ASYMMETRIC) INTERACTION 103 4.4.2 THE
PERSONAL ASPECT IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS: GETTING INVOLVED WHILE KEEPING A
DISTANCE 107 4.5 EMPIRICS: DATA MATERIAL AND ANALYSIS 110 4.5.1 DATA MATERIAL
110 4.5.2 COMPARATIVE OVERVIEW OF PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS 113 4.5.3 DATA
ANALYSIS 117 CHAPTER V: CONFLICT DYNAMICS IN COLOMBIA: FROM LA VIOLENCIA TO
THE NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (1948-1990) 119 5.1 ACCESS TO LAND AND
POLITICAL EXCLUSION AS ROOT CAUSES FOR CONFLICT 125 5.2 COLOMBIA’S UNIVERSE OF
ARMED ACTORS: DIFFERENT GROUPS – DIFFERENT AGENDAS 128 5.3 BETANCUR’S PEACE
POLICY AND FIRST NEGOTIATION ATTEMPS 138 5.4 A COUNTRY IN CRISIS: FROM FULL
WAR AGAINST DRUGS TO THE NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY 140 CHAPTER VI:
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES OF FORMER COMBATANTS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO RE-
ENCOUNTER AND IDENTITY ACCOMMODATION 143 6.1 EX-COMBATANT ORGANIZATIONS
EMERGING FROM NEGOTIATION PROCESSES IN THE EARLY 1990S 144 6.1.1 A WEAK
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AS A CHANCE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT? 150 6.1.2
EX-COMBATANT ORGANIZATIONS AS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY PROMOTERS 154
6.1.3 CHALLENGES: SECURITY CONDITIONS, DIVISIONS BETWEEN LEADER AND FOLLOWERS,
GENDER GAP 161 6.2 THE DE- AND REMOBILIZATION OF PARAMILITARY MILITANTS
(2003-2006) 168 6.2.1 A POLICY SHIFT UNDER THE URIBE VÉLEZ ADMINISTRATION:
NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE PARAMILITARY 168 6.2.2 PARTICULARITIES OF THE
PARAMILTARY “LEGALIZATION” PROCESS 174 6.2.3 SETTING UP THE ACR: EX-COMBATANTS
BECOME “PARTICIPANTS” 178 6.2.4 BACRIM AND INCOME-GENERATING PROJECTS
PERPETUATING COERCION AND MILITANT STRUCTURES 183 6.3 ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES
AFTER INDIVIDUAL DISENGAGEMENT (1994-2016) 188 6.3.1 “LITTLE DUCKS IN THEIR
NEW PLACE” – CHALLENGES OF INDIVIDUAL DISENGAGEMENT 191 6.3.2 EX-COMBATANT
ORGANIZATIONS AS OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-HELP AND REPRESENTATION 194 6.3.3
REVEALING MILITANT EXPERIENCES AND FORGING A COMMON IDENTITY 199 CHAPTER VII:
EX-COMBATANT ORGANIZATIONS’ CAPACITIES TO SERVE AS A RESOURCE FOR PEACE:
EXPLAINING VARIATION 206 7.1 IDENTITY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR POST-MILITANCY
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES 207 7.2 THE CAPITAL OF RELATIONS 211 7.3 MEMBERSHIP
STRUCTURE AND FORMER MILITANTS’ PREPARDNESS TO USE THEIR INSIDER KNOWLEDGE 215
7.4 OPPORTUNITIES FOR ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 221 CONCLUSION: SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS AND OUTLOOK 225 8.1 RECAPITULATING RESEARCH FINDINGS 226 8.2 AVENUES
FOR FUTURE RESEARCH AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS 234 8.3 LOOKING AHEAD: FARC-EP’S
POST-MILITANCY LIFE TRAJECTORIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES 238 8.3.1
SECURITY CHALLENGES: REMOBILIZATION AND SAFETY RISKS FOR EX-COMBATANTS AND
COMMUNITIES 239 8.3.2 STIGMATA TOWARDS “NARCO-TERRORISTS”, OR WHO ARE THEY?
241 8.3.3 THE FARC-EP’S CAPITAL OF RELATIONS 244 8.3.4 POST-MILITANCY
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES: INNOVATIONS AND CHALLENGES 245 8.3.5 STRUCTURAL
REFORM AND VICTIMS’ RIGHTS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM EARLIER PROCESSES 248
BIBLIOGRAPHY 253 CONSULTED PEACE ACCORDS 253 LEGAL DOCUMENTS (DECREES, LAWS,
LEGISLATIVE ACTS) 255 OTHER SOURCES (ARTICLES, BOOKS, MEDIA RELEASES, PRESS
ARTICLES, REPORTS, AND VIDEOS) 257 ANNEX 288 ANNEX 1: INTERVIEWS AND
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION 288 ANNEX 2: DESCRIPTION OF ORGANIZATIONS THAT TOOK
PART IN THIS STUDY 291 ANNEX 3: REINTEGRATION PROCESSES IN COLOMBIA 1990-2016
298 ANNEX 4: EXTRACT DATABASE ARMED GROUP COHESION PROJECT 302 ANNEX 5: MAPS
305 ANNEX 6: ABSTRACTS IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN 308 ANNEX 7: ABOUT THE AUTHOR 310
ANNEX 8: INTERVIEW QUOTES 311
dc.description.abstract
Critically engaging with international disarmament, demobilization and
reintegration (DDR) policies and practice that regard former non-state armed
combatants and their organizations as security risks and a challenge for
peace, this thesis takes an interest in former combatants’ organizational
processes and their contribution to building peace in Colombia. The aim of the
study is to explore and generate new analytical lenses to understand which
organizational settings nurture the capacity of ex-combatant organizations to
strike a balance between offering their members stability and identification,
while at the same time opening space for new interactions and relationships,
and thus the development of new identities in the context of civilian life.
With this objective, this thesis follows an empirical and qualitative research
design based on field research including semi-structured survey interviews as
well as problem-centered interviews and participant observation. The thesis
compares three main, partly overlapping, transition instances and the
subsequent emergence of former combatant organizations in the time period
1990-2016: 1) the negotiation and ensuing transition processes of various
guerrilla movements in the early 1990s, 2) the collective demobilization
process of paramilitary units from 2003-2006, and 3) the reintegration of
individually deserted combatants (1994-2016). For each case, the thesis
reviews the political context in which transitions occurred, the nature of the
group transitioning, the negotiation outcome (in the case of collective
transitions), the legal and institutional framework, and the particular
approach public programs took to reintegration, as well as the effect in had
on the emergence and shaping of former combatant organizations. Building on
these insights, this thesis suggests that, in addition to disengagement
patterns (individual or collective), there are four main factors to explain
variation in ex-combatant’s ability to serve as a resource for peace in
Colombia, including the political identity of a group and its members, the
group’s capital of relations, its ability to make use of militants’ insider
knowledge, and the opportunities available for organizational development,
partly shaped by reintegration programing.
en
dc.description.abstract
Internationale Entwaffnungs, Demobilisierungs- und Reintegrationsansätze
betrachten die Organisationsprozesse ehemaliger Mitglieder nichtstaatlicher
bewaffneter Gruppen meist als Sicherheitsrisiko und als Gefahr für den
Frieden. Diese Forschungsarbeit setzt sich deshalb kritisch mit
Organisationsprozessen ehemaliger Militanten auseinander und erkundet deren
Beitrag zum Frieden in Kolumbien. Das Ziel ist es, neue analytische
Perspektiven zu generieren, um zu verstehen, welche Bedingungen die Kapazität
dieser Organisationen stärken, ihren Mitgliedern auf der einen Seite
Stabilität und eine Identifikation zu bieten, und auf der anderen Seite den
Aufbau neuer Beziehungen und Identitäten im legalen Kontext zu ermöglichen.
Mit einem empirischen und qualitativen Forschungsdesign stützt sich die Arbeit
auf Feldforschung, einschließlich semi-struturierter Befragungen,
problemzentrierter Interviews und teilnehmender Beobachtung. Die Arbeit
vergleicht drei sich zum Teil überlappende Wiedereingliederungsvorgänge und
die darauffolgende Entstehung von Ex-Kombattantenorganisationen im Zeitraum
1990-2016: 1) die Verhandlungs- und Transitionsprozesse verschiedener
Guerrillaorganisationen in den frühen 1990er Jahren, 2) den kollektiven
Demobilisierungsprozess paramilitärischer Einheiten von 2003-2006, und 3) die
Wiedereingliederung desertierter Militanten (1994-2016). Für jeden Vorgang
wird der politische Kontext, die Charakteristiken der jeweiligen bewaffneten
Gruppe, das Verhandlungsergebnis (im Falle der kollektiven Transitionen) und
der legale und institutionelle Rahmen, einschließlich des
Reintegrationsansatzes staatlicher Programme, und der Effekt, den diese auf
die Entstehung und Form von Organisationsprozessen hatten, untersucht. Auf
dieser Analyse aufbauend, schlägt die Arbeit neben den Exitmodalitäten
(individuel oder kollektiv) vier Faktoren vor, die die Varianz in den
Möglichkeiten ehemaliger Kombattantenorganisationen, als Resource für den
Friedensaufbau zu dienen, erklären: die politische Identitität der bewaffneten
Gruppe und ihr Gruppenzusammenhalt, ihr Beziehungskapital, die Fähigkeit, das
Insiderwissen ehemaliger Militanten zu nutzen und, zum Teil durch
Reintegrationspolitiken geförderte, Möglichkeiten für organisationelle
Entwicklung.
de
dc.format.extent
viiii, 317 Seiten
de
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
de
dc.subject
Peace and conflict studies
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft
dc.title
Making Use of Instead of Breaking with the Past?
en
dc.contributor.contact
katrin_planta@yahoo.de
dc.contributor.gender
female
de
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Sven Chojnacki
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans Joachim Giessmann
dc.date.accepted
2018-01-24
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-refubium-22189-6
dc.title.subtitle
A Comparative Analysis of Ex-Combatant Organizations in Colombia and their Contribution to Post-Militancy Re-Encounter and Identity Accommodation (1990-2016)
en
dc.title.translated
Die Vergangenheit nutzen statt mit ihr zu brechen?
de
dc.title.translatedsubtitle
Eine vergleichende Analyse von Organisationsprozessen ehemaliger Kriegsteilnehmer in Kolumbien und ihrem Beitrag zu Wiederbegegnung und Identitätswandel im Anschluss an die Militanz (1990-2016)
de
refubium.affiliation
Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000107291
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access