dc.contributor.author
Steinke, Andrea
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T21:09:09Z
dc.date.available
2017-06-19T09:33:23.037Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/7471
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-11670
dc.description
1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 OF HAVING FAITH IN ANTHROPOLOGY – THEORETICAL FRAMES AND
METHODOLOGIES FOR STUDYING FBOS 9 2.1 THE ACADEMIC FIELD 9 2.2 THE CASE
STUDIES 15 2.2.1 The Field Sites 16 2.2.2 The Selection of the Organizations
16 2.2.3 The Selection of the Beneficiaries 19 2.2.4 The Field of Language 19
2.3 METHODS AND THEIR CHALLENGES 21 2.3.1 The Interviews 21 2.3.2 Participant
Observation 24 2.3.3 Fieldnotes, Official Texts and Sacred Scriptures 25 2.3.4
Narrative Analysis 26 2.4 THE POSITIONS OF THE SELF, EMOTIONS, AND CHALLENGES
28 2.4.1 Engagement 29 2.4.2 Gender & “Race” 31 2.4.3 Religion 34 2.4.4
Emotions 35 2.2.5 Insecurities and Responsibilities 37 2.5 CONCLUSION 39 3 THE
RUPTURE // THE 2010 EARTHQUAKE AS A CATACLYSMIC EVENT 41 3.1 DOUZ JANVYE 16:52
P.M. – ACCOUNTS AND NARRATIVES OF THE EVENT 43 3.1.1 Names, sounds and
tractors – the imaginaries of the earthquake 45 3.1.2 Earthquake as an Act of
God, Nature, and Humans 46 3.1.3 Earthquake as Rupture 58 3.1.4 Earthquake as
Trauma 60 3.1.5 Earthquake as Solidarity 63 3.1.6 Earthquake as Chance 67
3.1.7 Earthquake as Revelation 70 3.2 PRE-QUAKE CONDITIONS – DISASTROUS
INEQUALITIES 72 3.2.1 Colonial legacies 73 3.2.2 History of disasters in Haiti
75 3.2.3 Developmentalist misgovernment 76 3.3 THE EARTHQUAKE'S IMPACT ON THE
ENTANGLEMENTS OF HAITI WITH THE AID COMPLEX 82 3.3.1 Direct aftermath and
Short term 83 3.3.2 Housing and shelter - Medium term 92 3.3.3 Long term
effects 99 3.4 CONCLUSION 102 4 OF FAITH IN HUMANITARIANISM – THE
PARTICULARITIES OF FAITH-BASED ORGANIZATIONS 107 4.1 LOCATING FAITH-BASED
ORGANIZATIONS 110 4.1.1 The organizational side 114 4.1.2 The religious side
115 4.2 RELIGIOUS ROOTS OF HUMANITARIANISM 116 4.3 HUMANITARIANISM IN SECULAR
MODERNITIES 121 4.4 VIRTUES AND RUPTURES OF FAITH-BASED HUMANITARIANISM 126
4.4.1 Virtues 126 4.4.2 Ruptures 130 4.5 CONCLUSION 135 5 OF TRANSREGIONAL
CHRISTIAN ENGAGEMENT – CARITAS JACMEL AND DIAKONIE KATASTROPHENHILFE 137 5.1
CARITAS JACMEL 138 5.1.1 The Organizational Trinity – Caritas Internationalis,
Caritas Haiti and Caritas Jacmel 138 5.1.2 Caritas means love – Caritas
Jacmel’s Mission in Official Scripts and Statements On The Ground 143 5.1.3 A
Network of Faith – The Organization 150 5.1.4 A Testimony of Faith – The
Organizational Identity of Staff 159 5.1.5 God made him see me – The
Beneficiaries of Caritas Jacmel 162 5.2. DIAKONIE KATASTROPHENHILFE 165 5.2.1
The Evangelical Church and humanitarianism – The Organizational Background 165
5.2.2 We are all sinners – DKH’s Mission in Official Scripts and Statements
168 5.2.3 A lucky coincidence – The Individual and Organizational Identity of
DKH Staff 170 5.2.4 The solidarity of “them against us” – The Organization of
a Community 179 5.2.5 God touched their hearts – Beneficiaries’ Religious Re-
appropriation 182 5.3 CONCLUSION 185 6 OF LOTTERY AND HARD DECISIONS – THE
DISTRIBUTIVE PRACTICE OF FBOS 189 6.1 THE HOUSING PROJECTS 190 6.2 CATEGORIES
OF BENEFICIARY SELECTION – VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND LOTTERY 193 6.2.1 tout
moun viktim – Emergency phase distribution 194 6.2.2 Selection of housing
beneficiaries 197 6.2.3 Knowledge and Employment – Other Parameter of
Distribution 206 6.3 CONCLUSION 211 7 OF HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES AND NECESSARY
NARRATIVES – ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONALIZATION IN FAITH-BASED HUMANITARIANISM 215
7.1 FBOS AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS 216 7.1.2 The Code of
Conduct 217 7.2 THE HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES IN THEORY AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
ON THE GROUND 219 7.2.1 Tout moun se moun – The principle of Humanity 219
7.2.2 We help, because we are Christians – The principle of Impartiality 223
7.2.3 You cannot live without politics – The principle of Neutrality 226 7.2.4
Of cats and dogs - The principle of Independence 232 7.3 IMPLICATIONS OF
PROFESSIONALISM IN A DENSE NGO WORLD 236 7.3.1 Professionalism – of buzzwords
and hierarchies 237 7.3.2 Travelling Professionals – the Incredible Whiteness
of Expatriates in Haiti 246 7.4 CONCLUSION 255 8 CONCLUSION – DOES FAITH
MATTER IN THE END? 259 ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH 271 ABSTRACT IN GERMAN 273
BIBLIOGRAPHY 275 LIST OF ACRONYMS 295 GLOSSARY 297 MAP OF HAITI 299 INTERVIEWS
301 THE CODE OF CONDUCT 305 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 309 DEDICATION 311 CURRICULUM
VITAE 313
dc.description.abstract
The dissertation “Faith in Humanitarianism. The Study of Two Faith-Based
Organizations in Post-Earthquake Haiti” interrogates the logics of faith,
humanitarianism, and professionalism in the humanitarian interventions of the
two Christian faith-based organizations Caritas Jacmel and Diakonie
Katastrophenhilfe (DKH). Within the context of the complex humanitarian crisis
amplified by the earthquake of January 12, 2010 in Haiti, both organizations
were actively engaged in the reconstruction of the building structure of
Jacmel and surrounding communities. The research embarked on the question of
what makes the differences between a house given to a Haitian survivor of the
earthquake by a faith-based as opposed to a formally secular aid organization.
It focuses on the dynamics of secularization and sanctification as central
features in contemporary humanitarianism. Within those dynamics especially
faith and professionalism were addressed as meaningful aspects. The two faith-
based organization targeted were analyzed regarding the ways in which faith as
well as professionalism informed their organizational cultures in terms of
their actions, most of all their distributive practice, and their inner
coherence as faith-based organizations. The underlying hypothesis is that both
dynamics – faith and professionalism – are subjected to an ongoing process of
negotiation, appropriation and dissociation, at the different levels of
intervention: the headquarters of the two organizations, the offices in the
field as well in relation to their beneficiaries, and become apparent in their
distributive practice. This study is based on data drawn from ethnographic
fieldwork in post-earthquake Haiti, specifically the city of Jacmel in the
southeast of the Caribbean country in 2011 and 2013. Participant observation
in organizational processes and semi-structured interviews with employees and
beneficiaries allowed for an in-depth examination of the two organizations. A
subsequent narrative analysis focused on the framing and effects of the
earthquake, and the role of faith and professionalism in the humanitarian
interventions of Caritas Jacmel and Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe. Faith and
professionalism both shaped, motivated and challenged the two organizations,
their employees and their beneficiaries in different ways. The category of
faith was most tangible in the church-based background of both organizations
and the performance of religious identities, or the absence thereof, in their
humanitarian missions in Jacmel. Professionalism was addressed in terms of the
reference to and application of the core humanitarian principles of humanity,
impartiality, neutrality and independence as stipulated in the “Code of
Conduct for International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in
Disaster Relief”. The strategic secularism that Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe –
as a German organization intervening on a humanitarian mandate – applied in
the field is contrasted with the outright religious vocation of Caritas Jacmel
as a Haitian Catholic organization involved in both humanitarian assistance
and development. Beneficiaries of both organizations appropriated their
entitlement to the houses that the organizations constructed and integrated it
into their religious life worlds as acts of God. This study contributes to the
comprehension of the nature of contemporary faith-based humanitarian
interventions, the contexts they are embedded in, and the dynamics they are
subjected to.
de
dc.description.abstract
Die Dissertation “Faith in Humanitarianism. The Study of Two Faith-Based
Organizations in Post-Earthquake Haiti” ist im Spannungsfeld zwischen Glaube,
Humanitärer Hilfe und Professionalität zweier christlich religiöser
Hilfsorganisationen, Caritas Jacmel und Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe, verortet.
Im Kontext der komplexen humanitären Krise, die durch das Erdbeben vom 12.
Januar 2010 in Haiti verstärkt wurde, waren beide Organisationen aktiv am
Wiederaufbau von Jacmel und umgebender Gemeinden beteiligt. Die Forschung war
geleitet von der Frage, inwieweit es einen Unterschied macht, ob ein Haus von
einer religiösen oder einer formell säkularen Hilfsorganisation gestellt wird.
Der Fokus der Arbeit liegt auf den Dynamiken der Säkularisierung und
Sakralisierung als zentrale Aspekte gegenwärtiger humanitärer Hilfe. Vor allem
Glaube und Professionalität wurden als aussagekräftige Konzepte innerhalb
dieser Dynamiken definiert. Die zwei religiösen Hilfsorganisationen wurden auf
die Art und Weise hin untersucht, in der Glaube und Professionalität ihre
Organisationskulturen und Praktiken, allen voran ihre Verteilungspraxen, und
ihren inneren Zusammenhalt als religiöse Hilfsorganisationen prägen. Die der
Arbeit zugrundeliegende Hypothese lautet: Beide Dynamiken – Glaube und
Professionalität – sind von einem anhaltenden Aushandlungsprozess der
Aneignung und Abgrenzung auf den verschiedenen Ebenen der Intervention (dem
Headquarter, dem Büro vor Ort wie auch in Beziehung zu den Begünstigten)
gezeichnet und werden in den Verteilungspraxen der Organisationen sichtbar.
Die Studie basiert auf Daten, die 2011 und 2013 während ethnographischer
Feldforschung in Haiti, speziell Jacmel einer Stadt im Südosten des Landes,
erhoben wurden. Die teilnehmende Beobachtung an den organisatorischen Abläufen
und semi-strukturierte Interviews mit Angestellten und Begünstigten erlaubte
die detaillierte Untersuchung beider Organisationen. Die darauf folgende
Narrative Analyse konzentrierte sich auf die Einbettung und die Effekte des
Erdbebens sowie die Rolle von Glaube und Professionalität in den humanitären
Interventionen von Caritas Jacmel und Diakonie Katastrophenhilfe. Glaube und
Professionalität charakterisierten, motivierten und forderten beide
Organisationen in unterschiedlicher Weise. Glaube konkretisierte sich im
kirchlichen Hintergrund beider Organisationen sowie im Grad der Performanz
religiöser Identitäten in ihren humanitären Missionen in Jacmel.
Professionalität wurde vor allem mit Hinblick auf die Bezugnahme und die
Umsetzung der zentralen humanitären Prinzipien, niedergelegt im „Code of
Conduct for International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in
Disaster Relief”, hin untersucht. Dem strategischen Säkularismus von Diakonie
Katastrophenhilfe als einer deutschen humanitären Organisation steht die
religiöse Praxis und Berufung von Caritas Jacmel als einer haitianischen
katholischen Organisation gegenüber. Die Begünstigten beider Organisationen
eignen sich ihre Berechtigung auf die Häuser, die von den Organisationen
gebaut wurden, an und integrieren sie in ihre religiösen Lebenswelten als Werk
Gottes. Die vorliegende Studie leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis
gegenwärtiger religiös motivierter humanitärer Interventionen, der Kontexte in
die sie eingebettet sind, sowie auch der Dynamiken denen sie ausgesetzt sind.
de
dc.format.extent
313 Seiten
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
humanitarianism
dc.subject
Haiti, faith-based organizations (FBOs)
dc.subject
professionalization
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie
dc.subject.ddc
200 Religion::260 Kirchenorganisation, Sozialarbeit, Religionsausübung::267 Religiöse Verbände
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::325 Internationale Migration, Kolonisation
dc.subject.ddc
200 Religion::210 Religionsphilosophie, Religionstheorie::214 Theodizee
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::360 Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste::360 Soziale Probleme und Sozialdienste; Verbände
dc.title
Faith in Humanitarianism
dc.contributor.contact
andrea.steinke@fu-berlin.de
dc.contributor.inspector
Prof. Dr. Markus-Michael Müller
dc.contributor.inspector
Dr. Mark Schuller
dc.contributor.inspector
Dr. Claudia Rauhut
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Ingrid Kummels
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Marianne Braig
dc.date.accepted
2016-10-18
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000104919-1
dc.title.subtitle
The Study of Two Faith-Based Organizations in Post-Earthquake Haiti.
dc.title.translated
Glaube in Humanitarismus
de
dc.title.translatedsubtitle
Die Untersuchung zweier religiöser Hilfsorganisationen in Haiti nach dem
Erdbeben.
en
refubium.affiliation
Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000104919
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000021675
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access