Mycorrhizal allies: synergizing forest carbon and multifunctional restoration

Abstract

While forest degradation persists across many regions, restoration efforts have predominantly targeted aboveground carbon, often overlooking critical belowground ecosystem functions. Plant–mycorrhizal associations – key connectors between aboveground and belowground biodiversity – can help to enhance both carbon storage and forest multifunctionality; yet their explicit integration into restoration frameworks remains limited. By synthesizing recent advancements, we highlight the role of plant–mycorrhizal diversity in enhancing soil carbon pools and supporting multiple ecosystem functions. By examining evidence-based restoration cases, we propose a framework linking plant–mycorrhizal associations to sustainably restore resilient and multifunctional forest ecosystems. Incorporating the functional traits of plant–mycorrhizal associations into restoration strategies provides a pathway to effectively address the interconnected biodiversity and climate crises.