Body composition is associated with disease aetiology and prognosis in patients undergoing resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

Background Body composition alterations are frequent in patients with cancer or chronic liver disease, but their prognostic value remains unclear in many cancer entities.

Objective We investigated the impact of disease aetiology and body composition after surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a rare and understudied cancer entity in European and North American cohorts.

Methods Computer tomography-based assessment of body composition at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was performed in 173 patients undergoing curative-intent liver resection for iCCA at the Department of Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Muscle mass and -composition as well as subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue quantity were determined semi-automatically. (Secondary) sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, myosteatosis, visceral and subcutaneous obesity were correlated to clinicopathological data.

Results Sarcopenia was associated with post-operative morbidity (intraoperative transfusions [p = 0.027], Clavien–Dindo ≥ IIIb complications [p = 0.030], post-operative comprehensive complication index, CCI [p < 0.001]). Inferior overall survival was noted in patients with myosteatosis (33 vs. 23 months, p = 0.020).

Fifty-eight patients (34%) had metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and had a significantly higher incidence of sarcopenic (p = 0.006), visceral (p < 0.001) and subcutaneous obesity (p < 0.001). Patients with MAFLD had longer time-to-recurrence (median: 38 vs. 12 months, p = 0.025, log-rank test). Multivariable cox regression analysis confirmed only clinical, and not body, composition parameters (age > 65, fresh frozen plasma transfusions) as independently prognostic for overall survival.

Conclusion This study evidenced a high prevalence of MAFLD in iCCA, suggesting its potential contribution to disease aetiology. Alterations of muscle mass and adipose tissue were more frequent in patients with MAFLD.