Importance of urodynamic evaluation of bladder function after secondary untethering in spina bifida patients: single center experience of 30 years

Abstract

Introduction: A TCS after primary closure of meningomyeloceles is a known complication of the spina bifida disease. Data on the outcome after SSCU surgery is heterogeneous and lacking standardization. Thus we aimed to find a reliable system for assessment of the bladder function before and after SSCU surgery and document postoperative outcome.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of patients with spina bifida diagnosis. In total, 130 patients underwent 182 SSCU surgeries, 56 of those met our inclusion criteria. A classification system, including two different methods, was used. The AC system used baseline pressure and detrusor over activity to define three levels of bladder dysfunction, the second method ranked the severity of bladder dysfunction by awarding points from 0 to 2 for bladder capacity, maximal detrusor pressure during autonomous contractions, leak point pressure and vesicoureteral reflux A high score is correlated with a severe bladder dysfunction.

Results: Gender distribution was equally (male: n = 29; 51.8%; female: n = 27; 48.2%). The median age at SSCU was 902 years (range 0.5-22.8 years). After SSCU, the stage improved in 11 patients (19.6%), worsened in 11 (19.6%) patients and remained the same in 34 patients (60.7%) after intervention (AC score). Non-worsening was observed in a total of 45 cases (80.4%) (p < 0.001). MHS score (n = 27, 48.2%) improved, remained unchanged (n = 12, 21.4%), 17 patients worsened (30.4%). Non-worsening in postoperative bladder functional outcome was demonstrated in 39 cases (69.6%) over all (p < 0.005). Regardless of whether bladder function is categorized by AC or MHS, postoperative outcome worsened significantly when SSCU was performed due to increasing deterioration in motor function alone (p < 0.05). Of the 24 cases with NOD as indication, 22 (91.7%) had an unchanged (n = 10; 41.7%) or improved (n = 12; 50.0%), meaning positive neuro-orthopedic outcome, only 2 (8.3%) deteriorated (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Our study presents reliable evaluation systems for bladder function in spina bifida patients. Since indications for SSCU surgery differ, it is important to know the possible effects on bladder function after this surgical procedure. Even a mild impairment of bladder function has a risk to deteriorate after SSCU surgery. Particularly interesting becomes this with regard to the fact that the prevalence of TCS might become more frequent with the rising numbers of prenatal closures of meningomyeloceles.