Skin Care in Neonates and Infants: A Scoping Review

Abstract

BackgroundSkin care is a basic, daily activity performed by formal and informal caregivers from birth until end of life. Skin care activities are influenced by different factors as e.g., culture, knowledge, industrial developments and marketing activities. Therefore, various preferences, traditions and behaviours exist worldwide including skin care of neonates and infants. Objective of this scoping review was to obtain an overview about the evidence of skin care activities in neonates and infants. Studies from 2010 were eligible if the population were (skin) healthy neonates and infants, if the concept were skin care interventions and if the context was at home, in a community setting, in a paediatric outpatient service or in a hospital. We searched for literature via OVID in Medline and Embase, in the Cochrane Library, in trial registries and for grey literature. SummaryWe identified 42 studies since 2010, which examined four main skin care interventions: bathing, wiping, washing, and topical application of leave-on products. Details of interventions were often not reported and if they were, they were not comparable. The four skin care interventions focused on 13 different care goals, mainly prevention of skin diseases, maintaining skin barrier function and improving (skin) health. We evaluated effects of skin care interventions using 57 different outcome domains; 39 of 57 were skin related and 18 were not. Mostly, laboratory or instrumental measurements were used. Key Messages Our scoping review identified four skin care interventions with a broad heterogeneity of product categories and application details. Studies in skin care interventions should include all relevant information about product category and application details to ensure comparability of study results. This would be helpful in developing recommendations for formal and informal caregivers. We identified 13 skin care goals. "Maintaining healthy skin/skin barrier function/skin barrier integrity", "prevention of atopic dermatitis", "cleansing" and "improving skin barrier function" were most often allocated to skin care interventions. There is substantial variability regarding outcome domains in skin care research. Our results support the need of developing core outcome sets in the field of skin care in healthy skin, especially in this age group of neonates and infants.