Effect of dose and frequency of prostaglandin F2α treatments during a 7-day Ovsynch protocol with an intravaginal progesterone releasing device on luteal regression and pregnancy outcomes in lactating Holstein cows

Abstract

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of 3 different Ovsynch protocols on progesterone (P4) and pregnancies per artificial insemination (P/AI), where all cows received a P4 releasing intravaginal device (PRID) from d 0 until d 8. We hypothesized that (1) both modified PGF2α treatments lead to decreased P4 at the second GnRH treatment (G2), resulting in greater P/AI, (2) the treatment effect is influenced by the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) at the beginning of the protocol, and (3) potential vaginal discharge caused by the PRID does not have a negative influence on fertility. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1,056) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups on a weekly basis (n = 356; control: d 0, 100 µg of GnRH + PRID; d 7, 25 mg of dinoprost; d 8, PRID removal; d 9, 100 µg of GnRH). Cows in the second group (n = 353) received an Ovsynch protocol with a double dose of PGF2α (DoubleDose: d 0, 100 µg of GnRH + PRID; d 7, 50 mg of dinoprost; d 8, PRID removal; d 9, 100 µg of GnRH). Cows in the third group (n = 347) received an Ovsynch protocol with a second PGF2α treatment 24 h after the first one (2PGF: d 0, 100 µg of GnRH + PRID; d 7, 25 of mg dinoprost; d 8, 25 mg of dinoprost and PRID removal; d 9, 100 µg of GnRH). All cows had their ovaries scanned to determine the presence of a CL at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol. Vaginal discharge score (VS) was evaluated at PRID removal. All cows received timed artificial insemination approximately 16 h after G2. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed via transrectal ultrasonography (d 38 ± 3 after timed artificial insemination) and rechecked on d 80 ± 7 after timed artificial insemination. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, and 9 of the protocol to determine P4 concentrations. Treatment affected P4 at G2. Progesterone was lower for 2PGF and DoubleDose cows compared with cows in the control group (control 0.35 ± 0.02 ng/mL; DoubleDose 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/mL; 2PGF 0.30 ± 0.02 ng/mL). Overall, P/AI did not differ among treatments. We found, however, an interaction between treatment and CL at the first GnRH treatment. Cows lacking a CL at the first GnRH treatment in the 2PGF group had greater P/AI (47.9%) compared with the same type of cows in the DoubleDose group (32.7%). We observed an effect of VS on P4 concentration at d 7. We found an increase in P4 with greater VS. Vaginal discharge score at PRID removal tended to have a positive effect on P/AI at d 38 (VS0: 36.5%; VS1: 41.3%; VS2: 49.7%). In conclusion, the addition of a second PGF treatment on d 7 and 8 of a 7-d Ovsynch protocol increased luteal regression and decreased mean P4 at G2. Cows treated with PGF2α 2 times 24 h apart showed greater P/AI, compared with cows treated with an increased dose of PGF2α.