dc.contributor.author
Wertmann, Patrick
dc.contributor.author
Xu, Dongliang
dc.contributor.author
Elkina, Irina
dc.contributor.author
Vogel, Regine
dc.contributor.author
Yibulayinmu, Ma'eryamu
dc.contributor.author
Tarasov, Pavel E.
dc.contributor.author
Rocca, Donald J. La
dc.contributor.author
Wagner, Mayke
dc.date.accessioned
2022-06-23T11:23:33Z
dc.date.available
2022-06-23T11:23:33Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/35394
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-35110
dc.description.abstract
The first millennium BCE was pivotal for the environment and for human societies in Central and Eastern Eurasia because transformations accelerated and altered natural and cultural landscapes to hitherto unknown dimensions. Among the major driving forces was the increasing use of horse riding, which extended range of movement significantly and led to the development of cavalry units as a part of large armies. Empires with enormous outreach and gravitational pull formed and disintegrated in close dependence. The wide spread of military technologies demonstrates their bonds, though mostly in the form of metal objects due to the inherent survivability of their materials. Equipment and protective clothing of organic material, albeit produced in large numbers and thus an economic and environmental factor, are rarely preserved. In Yanghai cemetery site, Turfan, the remains of one leather scale armour were discovered. In this study, the results of the AMS radiocarbon dating as well as the construction details of the Yanghai find are presented and compared with a contemporary armour of unknown origin in the Metropolitan Museum of Art New York (MET) and with finds and depictions from the Near East, the adjacent northern steppe areas and the territory of China. The armour, datable to 786–543 cal BCE (95% probability), was originally made of about 5444 smaller scales and 140 larger scales, which, together with leather laces and lining, had a total weight of ca. 4–5 kg. Our reconstruction demonstrates that it can be donned quickly and without the help of another person by wrapping the left part around the back, tying it to the right part under the right arm and fastening with thongs crosswise over the back to laces at the opposite hip parts. Fitting different statures, it is a light and highly efficient defensive garment. In age, construction details and aesthetic appearance it resembles the MET armour. The stylistic similarities but constructional differences suggest that the two armours were intended as outfits for distinct units of the same army, i.e. light cavalry and heavy infantry, respectively. As such a high level of standardization of military equipment during the 7th century BCE is only known for the Neo-Assyrian military forces, we suggest that the place of manufacture of both armours was the Neo-Assyrian Empire. If this supposition is correct, then the Yanghai armour is one of the rare actual proofs of West-East technology transfer across the Eurasian continent during the first half of the first millennium BCE, when social and economic transformation enhanced.
en
dc.format.extent
17 Seiten
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject
Early Iron Age
en
dc.subject
Central Asia
en
dc.subject
Military technology
en
dc.subject
Defensive armour
en
dc.subject
Ancient leather garments
en
dc.subject
Knowledge transfer in Eurasia
en
dc.subject.ddc
900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie
dc.title
No borders for innovations: A ca. 2700-year-old Assyrian-style leather scale armour in Northwest China
dc.type
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi
10.1016/j.quaint.2021.11.014
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitle
Quaternary International
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pagestart
110
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pageend
126
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume
623
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.url
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.11.014
refubium.affiliation
Geowissenschaften
refubium.affiliation.other
Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften / Fachrichtung Paläontologie
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refubium.resourceType.isindependentpub
no
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access
refubium.resourceType.provider
WoS-Alert