dc.contributor.author
Oliveira Filho, Edmilson F. de
dc.contributor.author
Moreira‐Soto, Andrés
dc.contributor.author
Fischer, Carlo
dc.contributor.author
Rasche, Andrea
dc.contributor.author
Sander, Anna‐Lena
dc.contributor.author
Avey‐Arroyo, Judy
dc.contributor.author
Arroyo‐Murillo, Francisco
dc.contributor.author
Corrales‐Aguilar, Eugenia
dc.contributor.author
Drexler, Jan Felix
dc.date.accessioned
2022-03-16T08:29:17Z
dc.date.available
2022-03-16T08:29:17Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/34408
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-34126
dc.description.abstract
Sloths are genetically and physiologically divergent mammals. Phleboviruses are major arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing disease in humans and other animals globally. Sloths host arboviruses, but virus detections are scarce. A phlebovirus termed Anhanga virus (ANHV) was isolated from a Brazilian Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus) in 1962. Here, we investigated the presence of phleboviruses in sera sampled in 2014 from 74 Hoffmann's two-toed (Choloepus hoffmanni, n = 65) and three-toed (Bradypus variegatus, n = 9) sloths in Costa Rica by broadly reactive RT-PCR. A clinically healthy adult Hoffmann's two-toed sloth was infected with a phlebovirus. Viral load in this animal was high at 8.5 × 107 RNA copies/ml. The full coding sequence of the virus was determined by deep sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses and sequence distance comparisons revealed that the new sloth virus, likely representing a new phlebovirus species, provisionally named Penshurt virus (PEHV), was most closely related to ANHV, with amino acid identities of 93.1%, 84.6%, 94.7% and 89.0% in the translated L, M, N and NSs genes, respectively. Significantly more non-synonymous mutations relative to ANHV occurred in the M gene encoding the viral glycoproteins and in the NSs gene encoding a putative interferon antagonist compared to L and N genes. This was compatible with viral adaptation to different sloth species and with micro-evolutionary processes associated with immune evasion during the genealogy of sloth-associated phleboviruses. However, gene-wide mean dN/dS ratios were low at 0.02–0.15 and no sites showed significant evidence for positive selection, pointing to comparable selection pressures within sloth-associated viruses and genetically related phleboviruses infecting hosts other than sloths. The detection of a new phlebovirus closely-related to ANHV, in sloths from Costa Rica fifty years after and more than 3,000 km away from the isolation of ANHV confirmed the host associations of ANHV-related phleboviruses with the two extant species of two-toed sloths.
en
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject
penshurt virus
en
dc.subject.ddc
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
dc.title
Sloths host Anhanga virus‐related phleboviruses across large distances in time and space
dc.type
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi
10.1111/tbed.13333
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.journaltitle
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.number
1
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.originalpublishername
Wiley
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pagestart
11
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pageend
17
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.volume
67
refubium.affiliation
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
refubium.funding
DEAL Wiley
refubium.resourceType.isindependentpub
no
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.pmid
31420970
dcterms.isPartOf.issn
1865-1674
dcterms.isPartOf.eissn
1865-1682