ARF GTPases and their ubiquitous role in intracellular trafficking beyond the Golgi

Abstract

Molecular switches of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase family coordinate intracellular trafficking at all sorting stations along the secretory pathway, from the ER-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the plasma membrane (PM). Their GDP-GTP switch is essential to trigger numerous processes including membrane deformation, cargo sorting and recruitment of downstream coat proteins and effectors such as lipid modifying enzymes. While ARFs (in particular ARF1) had mainly been studied in the context of coat protein recruitment at the Golgi, COPI/clathrin independent roles have emerged in the last decade. Here we review the roles of human ARF1-5 GTPases in cellular trafficking with a particular emphasis on their roles in post-Golgi secretory trafficking and in sorting in the endo-lysosomal system.