Craniotomy Size for Subdural Grid Electrode Placement in Invasive Epilepsy Diagnostics

Abstract

Background: Traditionally, for subdural grid electrode placement, large craniotomies have been applied for optimal electrode placement. Nowadays, microneurosurgeons prefer patient-tailored minimally invasive approaches. Absolute figures on craniotomy size have never been reported. To elucidate the craniotomy size necessary for successful diagnostics, we reviewed our single-center experience. Methods: Within 3 years, 58 patients with focal epilepsies underwent subdural grid implantation using patient-tailored navigation-based craniotomies. Craniotomy sizes were measured retrospectively. The number of electrodes and the feasibility of the resection were evaluated. Sixteen historical patients served as controls. Results: In all 58 patients, subdural electrodes were implanted as planned through tailored craniotomies. The mean craniotomy size was 28 ± 15 cm(2) via which 55 ± 16 electrodes were implanted. In temporal lobe diagnostics, even smaller craniotomies were applied (21 ± 11 cm(2)). Craniotomies were significantly smaller than in historical controls (65 ± 23 cm(2), p < 0.05), while the mean number of electrodes was comparable. The mean operation time was shorter and complications were reduced in tailored craniotomies. Conclusion: Craniotomy size for subdural electrode implantation is controversial. Some surgeons favor large craniotomies, while others strive for minimally invasive approaches. For the first time, we measured the actual craniotomy size for subdural grid electrode implantation. All procedures were straightforward. We therefore advocate for patient-tailored minimally invasive approaches - standard in modern microneurosurgery - in epilepsy surgery as well.