dc.contributor.author
Mutebi, Francis
dc.contributor.author
Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg von
dc.contributor.author
Feldmeier, Hermann
dc.contributor.author
Waiswa, Charles
dc.contributor.author
Muhindo, Jeanne Bukeka
dc.contributor.author
Krücken, Jürgen
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-08T10:45:39Z
dc.date.available
2017-01-05T13:06:52.753Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/21042
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-24339
dc.description.abstract
Background In endemic communities, zoonotic tungiasis, a severe skin disease
caused by penetrating female sand fleas, is a public health hazard causing
significant human and animal morbidity. No validated drugs are currently
available for treatment of animal tungiasis. Due to the reservoir in domestic
animals, integrated management of human and animal tungiasis is required to
avert its negative effects. Methods and principal findings A topical aerosol
containing chlorfenvinphos 4.8%, dichlorphos 0.75% and gentian violet 0.145%
licensed to treat tick infestations, myiasis and wound sepsis in animals in
the study area, was tested for its potential tungicidal effects in a
randomized controlled field trial against pig tungiasis in rural Uganda.
Animals with at least one embedded flea were randomized in a treatment (n =
29) and a control (n = 26) group. One week after treatment, 58.6% of the
treated pigs did not show any viable flea lesion whereas all control pigs had
at least one viable lesion. After treatment the number of viable lesions
(treated median = 0, overall range = 0–18 vs. control median = 11.5, range =
1–180) and the severity score for estimating acute pathology in pig tungiasis
(treated median = 1, range = 0–3.5 vs. control median = 7, range = 0–25) were
significantly lower in treated than in control pigs (p < 0.001). In the
treatment group the median number of viable flea lesions decreased from 8.5 to
0 (p < 0.001). Similarly, the median acute severity score dropped from 6 to 1
(p < 0.001). Every pig in the treatment group showed a decrease in the number
of viable fleas and tungiasis-associated acute morbidity while medians for
both increased in the control group. Conclusions The study demonstrates that a
topical treatment based on chlorfenvinphos, dichlorphos and gentian violet is
highly effective against pig tungiasis. Due to its simplicity, the new
approach can be used for the treatment of individual animals as well as in
mass campaigns. Author Summary Infection with the sand flea Tunga penetrans
causes severe disease in humans and animals. There are no validated drugs for
treatment of animal tungiasis preventing implementation of integrated
tungiasis control interventions targeting human and animal infections. A field
trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial insecticidal
aerosol containing chlorfenvinphos 4.8%, dichlorphos 0.75%, and gentian violet
0.145%, which is licensed to treat tick infestations, myiasis and wound
sepsis, on tungiasis in pigs, the major animal reservoir in rural hyperendemic
villages in Uganda. Infected pigs were recruited and randomly assigned to
treatment (n = 29) and control (n = 26) groups. Seven days after a single
application of the aerosol onto the affected body parts, almost 60% of the
treated pigs were cured while all control pigs had at least one penetrated
sand flea. The number of viable sand fleas and the severity of the tungiasis
were significantly lower in the treated pigs than in the controls. This
demonstrates for the first time that a simple and effective topical treatment
for animal tungiasis based on two organophosphate insecticides and an
antibacterial agent can be used to cure individual animals and can be
integrated in tungiasis control campaigns.
en
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject.ddc
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft
dc.title
Successful Treatment of Severe Tungiasis in Pigs Using a Topical Aerosol
Containing Chlorfenvinphos, Dichlorphos and Gentian Violet
dc.type
Wissenschaftlicher Artikel
dcterms.bibliographicCitation
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. - 10 (2016), 10, Artikel Nr. e0005056
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.doi
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005056
dcterms.bibliographicCitation.url
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005056
refubium.affiliation
Veterinärmedizin
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDOCS_document_000000026085
refubium.note.author
Der Artikel wurde in einer reinen Open-Access-Zeitschrift publiziert.
refubium.resourceType.isindependentpub
no
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDOCS_derivate_000000007476
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access