dc.contributor.author
Haghgoo, Hojjat Allah
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T15:47:38Z
dc.date.available
2009-02-25T09:22:18.913Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/1609
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5811
dc.description
Table of Contents: Page I. List of tables…………………………………………………….………………..……………4
II. List of figures……………….…………………………..…………………………………….4 III. List of
abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………6
Introduction………………………………………………..……………………………..…….9 1\. Advanced mammals live in
social groups…………………………………………………9 2\. Two separate systems detect olfactory
signals………………………………..……….10 2.1 The main olfactory system preferentially
detects highly volatile odorants…….……10 2.2 The accessory olfactory system
detects and processes low-volatile odorants…….11 2.2.1 The receptive area of
the accessory olfactory system is the vomeronasal
organ……………………………………………………………………………11 2.2.2 Main and accessory olfactory bulbs
show basically similar cytoarchitectures……………………..……………………………………………….11 2.3
The two olfactory systems mainly project to different targets……….……………….12 2.4
The amygdaloid complex, the common target of the two olfactory systems……….14
3\. There are two experimental approaches to investigate social recognition in
rodents……………………………………………………………………………………….14 3.1 The Individual recognition
paradigm……………………..……….…………………….15 3.2 The individual discrimination paradigm
…………………………………..……………15 4\. Neuronal stimulation activates different mechanisms
in the cell ………..……………16 5\. Aims of the
project………………………………………………………………………….16 Materials and
Methods………………………………………………………….…………..18 1\. Materials
…………………………………………………………………………….……..18 1.1 Antibodies used in this study
……………………………………………………………18 1.2 RNA riboprobes…………………………………………………………….……………..19
1.3 Fluorescent conjugates…………………………………………………………………..19 2\.
Method……………………………………………………………………………….………19 2.1 Animal Stimulation
………………………………………………………………………20 2.2 Fixation of animals by vascular perfusion….…
………………………………………..20 2.3 Cresyl violet stain.….……………………………
…..…………………………………...20 2.4 Immunoperoxydase cytochemistry at the light
microscopic level……………………20 2.5 In Situ Hybridisation
(ISH)....…………………………………………………….……….21 2 Table of Contents: Page 2.6
ISH/Immunofluorescence double labelling.. ……………………………………..…...23 2.7
Immunocytochemival analysis ………………………………………………………....23
Results……………………….……………..………………………………………………….27 1\. Morphological analysis of
protein phosphorylation is no promising tool to follow neuronal activation
during social interaction.…………………………. ……27 1.1 Phosphorylated amino
acids.…………………………………………………………….27 1.2 Visualisation of DARPP-32 and
pCREB….…………………………………………….31 1.3 Investigation of immediate early genes
expression ..………………………………...32 2\. Exposure of adult male rats to juvenile
rats caused expression of c-Fos, Egr.1, and Arc in the accessory olfactory
bulb……………………………………..34 3\. Juvenile stimulation resulted in different patterns
of IEGs induction in the anterior and posterior parts of the
AOB……..………………………………………37 4\. Social stimulation caused high expression of IEGs
in the amygdala……….………..40 5\. The mRNAs encoding for GAD65 and GAD 67,
vesicular glutamate transporters 1, and 2, are heterogeneously expressed in
the rat Amygdala ……..……52 5.1 Distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65
and 67mRNAs in amygdala…….. ………………………………………………………………..53 5.2 Distribution of
vGLUT1 and vGLUT 2 mRNAs in amygdala………………………….55 6\. Co-expression of c-Fos
with GADs and vesicular glutamate transporters in the amygdala of the JS group
……………………………………….... ….58 6.1 Co-localisation of c-Fos with GAD65 and
67…………………………………………..62 6.2 Co-localisation of c-Fos with vGLUT1 and
vGLUT2…………………………………..62 7\. Co-expression of c-Fos and oxcytocin or
vasopressin in the activated regions during social
recognition..………………………………….…………….62
Discussion………………………………………………………………………….…………64 1\. AOB activation during social
stimulation…………………………………………………64 1.1 Arc expression in the JS
AOB……………………………………………………….…..65 1.2 AOB granule cells expressing
Egr.1…….………………………………………………66 1.3 Anterior and posterior parts of the accessory
olfactory bulb displayed differential patterns of neuronal activity in the
juvenile stimulated group………………..67 3 Table of Contents: Page 2\. Amygdala is
essentially involved in the pheromonal information processing .……..67 2.1 The
medial amygdaloid nucleus is involved in the individual recognition
processing……………………….…………………………………..68 2.2 The posteromedial cortical
amygdaloid nucleus plays an active role in individual
recognition…………………………………………………………………70 2.3 Individual nuclei in the bed
nucleus of the stria terminalis play differential roles in the process of
social recognition…………………….………………..71 2.4 The olfactory amygdala were active
in the both stimulated groups of rats…………72 2.5 The frontotemporal system of
the amygdala is not specifically involved in individual
recognition…………………………………………………………….73 2.6 Juvenile stimulated rats displayed
increased expression of Arc and Egr.1 immunoreactivity in the amygdala
…………………………….……………73 2.7 Some similarities were observed in the patterns of
c-Fos expression in the amygdala of JS and CS rats………………………..……….…………..74 3.1
The mRNAs encoding for the vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 are
expressed in the rat amygdala…………………………………………………75 3.2 The mRNAs encoding for
the glutamate decarboxylase GAD65 and GAD67 were expressed in the rat
amygdala……………………………………………….76 4\. Lack of c-Fos immunoreactivity in the
vasopressinergic cells in the medial amygdala and
BNST…………………………………………………………..77 Conclusion………………………………………………..…………………………………….78
Outlook……………………………………………………………………………..…………..78
Summary………………………………………………………………………….……………79
References…………………………………………………………………………….……….80
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………96 Curriculum Vitae…
……………………………………………………………………. …….97 Eidesstattliche Erklärung
……….…….……………………………………………………..98 4 List of tables Page 2.1 Antibodies used in
this study ……………………………………………………………18 2.2 RNA
riboprobes…………………………………………………………….……………..19 2.3 Fluorescent
conjugates…………………………………………………………………..19 3.1 Summary of statistical analysis
for c-Fos expression rats.………………………….52 3.2 Summary of statistical analysis
for Egr.1 expression rats…..……………………….53 List of figures Page Figure 1.
Cytoarchitecture of the accessory olfactory bulb…….. ………………………..13 Figure 2.
Schematic representation of in situ hybridization with CARD amplification step
……………………………………………………………………………..24 Figure 3.
boxplot……………………………………………………………………………….25 Fig.4. Patterns of phosphorylated
proteins in the AOB of juvenile stimulated rats……..28 Fig. 5 Patterns of
phosphorylated DARPP-32 and CREB proteins in the olfactory
bulb………………………….…………………………………………………………………..31 Fig. 6 Fos expression in the
accessory olfactory bulb of three groups of rats ………34 Fig. 7 Fos expression
in the AOB of three groups of rats……………………….……..35 Fig. 8 Expression of Egr.1
in the AOB of three groups of rats……………………………36 Fig. 9 Arc expression in the
accessory olfactory bulb of three groups of rats…………..38 Fig. 10 Anterior-
posterior distribution patterns of c-Fos, Arc, and Egr.1 immunoreactivity in
the AOB of JS rats…………………………………………39 Fig. 11 Quantification of c-Fos
immunoreactive cells in the anterior and posterior parts of the
AOB…………………………………………….…………………40 Fig. 12 Expression of c-Fos in the amygdala in
three groups of rats……………..……..42 Fig. 13 Expression of c-Fos in the BNST of
three groups in rats…………………………43 Fig. 14 Egr.1 expression in the medial
amygdaloid nucleus in three groups of rats …..44 Fig. 15 Expression of Arc in
the amygdala of three groups of rats…………………… …46 Fig. 16 Fos expression in the
four functional amygdalar subsystems in three groups of rats
……………………………………………………… …47 Fig. 17 Egr.1 expression in the four different
amygdalar subsystems in three groups of rats…………………………………………………………………….… ..48
Fig.18 Fos expression in individual nuclei of the VN-amygdala of three groups
of rats …………………………………………………………………………. 49 5 List of figures Page Fig. 19 Egr.1
expression in the individual nuclei of the VN-amygdala in three groups of
rats………………………………………………………………………... 50 Fig. 20 Comparative distribution
patterns of GAD65, GAD67, vGLUT2, and vGLUT1 mRNA at the level of medial
amygdala ……………………………….…….54 Fig. 21 Co-expression of c-Fos and GAD65 mRNA in
the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid nucleus (MePD) in the JS group of rats
..………. 56 Fig. 22 Co-expression of c-Fos and GAD65 mRNA in the posteroventral
medial amygdaloid nucleus (MePV) in the JS group of rats ……………57 Fig. 23 Co-
expression of c-Fos and GAD67 mRNA in the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid
nucleus (MePD) in the JS group of rats …..………..59 Fig. 24 Co-expression of
c-Fos and vGLUT2 mRNA in the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid nucleus (MePD) in
the JS group of rats……………..60 Fig. 25 Percentage of Fos protein co-expression
with mRNAs encoding GAD65, GAD67, vGLUT1, and vGLUT2 in the posterodorsal and
posteroventral parts of the medial amygdala of juvenile stimulated
rats…………..…….
dc.description.abstract
Individual recognition, the animal’s ability to recognise and differentiate
between familiar and unfamiliar conspecific animals, plays a crucial role in
the animal’s social behaviour. In rats, individual recognition is mediated by
pheromonal signals. To study the neural mechanisms underlying individual
recognition, the expression patterns of the IEG product proteins c-Fos, Egr.1,
and Arc were investigated immunocytochemically in the brains of socially
stimulated rats. For this purpose, adult male rats were previously exposed to
juvenile rats in a discrimination test. The results were compared with data
from rats which were stimulated by a monomolecular odour, carvone. A third
group of rats remained nonstimulated as the control group. Juvenile stimulated
(JS) rats showed a significantly increased expression of c-Fos, Egr.1, and Arc
in the AOB in comparison with the control and carvone stimulated (CS) groups.
The screening of the forebrain for areas specifically activated during social
recognition revealed a significantly increased IEG expression in the
vomeronasal amygdala of the JS group when compared to the other two groups.
Finally, in situ hybridisation was performed in combining with
immunocytochemistry to identify the GABAergic or glutamatergic nature of c
-Fos-ir neurons. About 70% of the c-Fos-ir neurons in the medial amygdala were
GABAergic and less than 30% were glutamatergic.
de
dc.description.abstract
Die Fähigkeit des Tiers andere Tiere zu erkennen und zwischen vertrauten und
unbekannten Tieren zu unterscheiden, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle im
sozialen Verhalten des Tiers. In Ratten wird individuelle Erkennung von
pheromonalen Signalen vermittet. Um die neuralen Mechanismen zu studieren, die
eine Erkennung zu Grunde legen, wurde die Expression des IEG Proteine c-Fos,
Egr.1 und Arc immunocytochemisch in den Gehirnen von sozial angeregten Ratten
untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit Daten von Ratten verglichen, die von
einem monomolekularen Geruch angeregt wurden (carvone). Eine dritte Gruppe der
Ratten wurde als die Kontrolgruppe nicht stimuliert. Jugendlich angeregte
Ratten haben eine bedeutende vermehrte Expression von c-Fos, Egr.1 und Arc im
Accessoricher Riech Bulbus im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe und der mit
Carvonen simulierten Gruppen. Auch in Vorderhirn in der die Expression von
c-Fos und Egr.1, findet man eine bedeutend vermehrte IEG Expression in der
Vomeronasal Amygdala der jugendlich angeregten Ratten.
de
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
social stimulation
dc.subject
gene expression
dc.subject.ddc
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
dc.title
Immediate early gene expression in the rat accessory olfactory system in
social recognition
dc.contributor.contact
h.haghgoo@yahoo.com
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Rüdiger. W. Veh
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Dr. Gregor Laube
dc.date.accepted
2009-02-16
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000008617-1
dc.title.translated
Expression der IEG Proteine in den Accessoricher Riech System von sozial
angeregten Ratten
en
refubium.affiliation
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000008617
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000005175
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access
