dc.contributor.author
de Souza Machado, Anderson Abel
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-08T00:49:54Z
dc.date.available
2017-12-20T16:14:28.482Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12516
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-16714
dc.description
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………....4 Responsibility
claim………………………………………………………………………………………………5 Collaboration Statement
...……………………………………………………………………………………...6
Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Zusammenfassung
…………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Part 1 Introduction to coastal and
marine pollution…………………………………………………………16 1\. Coastal and marine pollution in
the Anthropocene: Identifying contaminants and processes..17 I.
Abstract..……………………………………………………………………………………..18 II. Introduction
………………………………………………………………………………….19 III. Identifying contaminants &
stressors……………………………………………………...20 IV. Identifying processes
……………………………………………………………………….23 i. Global changes
…………………………………………………………………....23 ii. Atmospheric circulation
…………………………………………………………..25 iii. Biological processes and effects
……………………………………….………..27 V. Final remarks……………………………………………………………………….………..28
VI. Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………29 VII.
References…………………………………………………………………………………..29 2\. Assessment of pollution and
environmental restoration in coastal areas: challenges and solutions
……………………………………………………………………………………………….33 I.
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….34 II.
Introduction.………………………………………………………………………………….35 III. Environmental health
assessment ………………………………………………………..36 IV. Challenges and solutions for
environmental management….………………………….38 i. Contamination assessment and
analysis ………………………………………38 ii. Biomarkers: a promising set of biomonitoring
tools……………………………39 iii. Coastal restoration, contamination, and climate
change………………………40 iv. A mitigation tool: Managed realignment
……………………………………......40 1\. Risks of managed realignment………………………………………….41 2\.
Coastal restoration and management in Europe……………………...41 3\. Managed
realignment and potential contamination…………………..42 v. Uncertainties
……………………………………………………………………….42 1\. Climate Change Uncertainty
……………………………………………42 2\. Political Uncertainty ……………………………………………………..43 V.
Conclusions ………………………………………………………………………………….43 VI.
References..………………………………………………………………………………….44 Part 2 The problematic of metal
pollution in estuaries……………………………………………………..50 3\. Metal fate and effects in
estuaries: A review and conceptual model for better understanding of
toxicity…………………………………………………………………………………………………..51 I. Visual
abstract...……………………………………………………………………………..52 II.
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….53 III.
Introduction..…………………………………………………………………………………53 IV. Scope and
Terminology…………………………………………………………………….55 i.
Terminology...………………………………………………………………………56 V. The conceptual model of metal
fate in estuaries…………………………………………56 i. Physico-chemical estuarine features:
environmental gradients and non-conservative metal
behavior……………………………………………………...57 ii. Sources and emission pathways of metals
to estuaries……………………….59 VI. Physical processes: metal transport in
estuaries………………………………………...61 i. Changes in flow affecting metal
distribution…………………………………….61 ii. Changes in flow that affect metal
concentration and partitioning…………….63 iii. Sorption and desorption: the
physico-chemical interactions of sorbents and
salinity……………………………………………………………………………….64 iv. Sedimentation and metal removal
from surface waters……………………….65 VII. Metal remobilization
processes…………………………………………………………….65 i. Chemical metal
remobilization……………………………………………………66 ii. Chemical and biologically mediated
metal remobilization……………………..66 iii. Chemical and physically mediated metal
remobilization..……………………..67 VIII. Interactions with biological
processes…………………………………………………….68 i. Physical, chemical and biological
interactions for metal remobilization……..68 ii. Phytoplankton affecting
partitioning and advection of metals…………………70 IX. Organism physiology and
effects of metals……………………………………………....72 i. Phytoplankton and environmental
toxicity of metals…...................................72 ii. Metal impact on
estuarine biota………………………………………………….74 iii. Physiology interfering the
mechanism of metal toxicity in estuaries…………75 iv. A conceptual model for
metal toxicity in estuaries……...................................76 X. Final
considerations and future directions on modelling metal fate an effects on
estuaries……………………………………………………………………………………...81 XI.
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………….83 XII.
References……………………………………………………….......................................83 4\.
Unravelling metal mobility under complex contaminant signatures……………………………..93
I. Introduction…...……………………………………………………………………………...96 II. Material and
Methods……………………………………………………………………….98 i. Terminology and
definitions………………………………………………………98 ii. Study
area………………………………………………………………………….99 iii. Laboratory experiments to quantify
leaching potential……………………….101 iv. Field
assessment…………………………………………………………………102 v. Physic-chemical parameters
analysed…………………………………………102 1\. Water percentage and Loss of
ignition……………………………….103 2\. Aqua Regia extraction …………………………………………………103 3\.
Metal quantification……………………………………………………..104 4\. Geochemical normalization
and enrichment factors………..………105 5\. Statistical
methods……………………………………………………...106 vi. Results and
Discussion………………………………………………………….106 1\. Potentially high metal leaching in
estuarine sediments…………….107 2\. Mobilisation drives in situ metal
concentration on estuarine sediments………………………………………………………………..110 3\. Sediment
geochemistry and pollution levels…………………………112 4\. High metal mobility in situ
on estuarine sediments………………….115 vii. Conclusions and Future
Directions……………………………………………..116 viii. Acknowledgements
……………………………………………………………...117 ix. References ……………………………………………………………………….117
5\. Conclusions and future directions………………………………………………………………….121 I. General
conclusions and future direction………………………………………………..122 II.
References………………………………………………………………………...............124 6\.
Apendices…………………………………………………………………………………………….125 I. List of articles published
during the development of the thesis………………………….126 II. Supplementary Material
for chapter 4.……………………………………………………..127 7\.
Afterword……………………………………………………………………………………………..132 III. Frontiers on
ecotoxicology…………………………………………………………………..133 i. Microorganisms as prospective
microcontaminats: Potential environmental impacts of an “Underground
Revolution”………………………………………134 ii. Yellow sign for a green pesticide: Non-
monotonic dose responses for the toxicity of a Bacillus thuringiensis biocide
to Daphnia magna……………….141 8\. About the
author……………………………………………………………………………………..165
dc.description.abstract
Anthropocene is the current era in which human activities modify various
environmental properties, which have implications for many coastal processes.
Anthropogenic stressors increasingly affect coasts and push these environments
to a new altered equilibrium state. However, monitoring such pollution is a
challenging task because coastal systems are highly dynamic and integrate the
physicochemical forces at work on freshwater bodies, estuaries and lagoons
with the oceanographic characteristics of adjacent seas. The current thesis
addresses pollution of coastal environments in a broad way, with special
attention to the current and historic problematic of estuarine contamination
by metals. Firstly, it introduces the chemical (e.g. metals, persistent
organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants), physical (e.g. microplastics,
sediment loads, temperature), and biological (e.g. microbiological
contamination, invasive species) pervasive anthropogenic influence in coastal
areas. This introductory chapter is followed by a discussion on the
limitations towards holistic environmental health assessments that are imposed
by the scarcity of tools and multidisciplinary approaches. At that juncture,
we perform a deep investigation of metal fate and its effects in estuaries.
The review of the scientific literature in the third chapter provides a
transdisciplinary conceptual framework for the estuarine behaviour of metals
and its impacts on fauna and flora. This comprehensive overview and conceptual
model are further accompanied by an elaboration on empirical models, as well
as discussion of data on metal behaviour under laboratory and field
conditions. While our review postulates that most studies had observed a non-
conservative behaviour of metals in estuaries, our data suggests that at local
scale such phenomenon is greatly explained by a high metal mobilisation driven
by biogeochemical gradients. In fact, our results demonstrate that iron
mobilisation regulates the pollution levels of iron and potentially other
metals in an intertidal area under strong anthropogenic influence. In summary,
estuarine physicochemical gradients, biogeochemical processes, and organism
physiology are jointly coordinating the fate and potential effects of metals
in estuaries, and both realistic model approaches and attempts to postulate
site-specific water quality criteria or water/sediment standards must consider
such interactions.
de
dc.description.abstract
Das Anthropocen ist das jetzige Zeitalter, in dem menschliche Aktivitäten zu
Umweltveränderungen führen, die sich auch auf viele Küstenprozesse auswirken.
Anthropogene Stressoren beeinflussen zunehmend Küsten und zwingen diese
Ökosysteme in einen neuen veränderten Gleichgewichtszustand. Eine Überwachung
dieser Verschmutzung ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, da Küstensysteme sehr
dynamisch sind und die physikalisch-chemischen Kräfte von Binnengewässern,
Flussmündungen und Lagunen mit den ozeanografischen Prozessen der angrenzenden
Meere verbinden. Die vorliegende Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit der
Verschmutzung der Küstengebiete in einem breitgefächerten Ansatz. Sie
beleuchtet hauptsächlich das noch ungelöste Problem der Ästuarverseuchung mit
Metallen. Zum einen werden die chemischen (z.B. Metalle, persistente
organische Schadstoffe, und “Emerging Contaminants“), physikalische (zum
Beispiel Mikroplastik, Sedimentfrachten, Temperatur) und biologische (zum
Beispiel mikrobiologische Kontamination, invasive Arten) anthropogenen
durchdringen Einfluss in den Küstengebieten eingeführt. Diesem einleitenden
Kapitel schliesst sich eine Diskussion an über die Grenzen für eine
ganzheitliche Umweltgesundheitsuntersuchung, die durch den Mangel an
Werkzeugen und multidisziplinäre Ansätze bedingt sind. In diesen Zusammenhang
wird eine eingehende Untersuchung über das Schicksal von Metallen und ihre
Auswirkungen in Ästuaren durchgeführt. Wir haben anhand der wissenschaftlichen
Literatur einen transdisziplinären konzeptionellen Rahmen entwickelt für das
Verhalten von Metallen in Mündungsgebieten und deren Auswirkungen auf die
Fauna und Flora. Diese umfassende Übersicht und unser konzeptionelles Modell
ergänzeten wir durch eine Abhandlung empirischer Modelle, sowie die Diskussion
vorhandener Daten über das Verhalten von Metallen unter Labor- und
Feldbedingungen. Während beispielsweise die meisten Veröffentlichungen ein
nicht-konservatives Verhalten von Metallen in den Mündungen berichteten, legen
unsere Daten nahe, dass ein solches Phänomen auf lokaler Skala als einer hohen
Metall-Mobilisierung durch biogeochemische Gradienten erklärt werden kann. Wir
konnten tatsächlich zeigen, dass die Eisen-Mobilisierung die
Schadstoffbelastung reguliert von diesem und wahrscheinlich auch andere
Metalle in einer stark antropogen beeinflußten Gezeitenzone. Insgesamt können
wir also zeigen, dass physikalisch-chemische Gradienten, biogeochemische
Prozesse und die Physiologie von Lebewesen gemeinsam das Schicksal und die
möglichen Auswirkungen von Metallen in den Mündungen beeinflussen.
Realistische Modellansätze und Festsetzungen ortsspezifischer Wasser-Qualität-
Kriterien oder Wasser / Sediment-Standards müssen solche Interaktionen
berücksichtigen.
de
dc.format.extent
171 Seiten
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
Biogeochemistry
dc.subject
Environmental Health
dc.subject
Global Changes
dc.subject.ddc
500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
dc.subject.ddc
500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::572 Biochemie
dc.title
Coastal pollution of aquatic systems
dc.contributor.contact
machado@igb-berlin.de
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Christiane Zarfl
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Britta Tietjen
dc.date.accepted
2016-12-21
dc.date.embargoEnd
2017-09-30
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000104250-1
dc.title.subtitle
Literature review and experiments focusing on metal fate on estuaries
dc.title.translated
Küstenverschmutzung von aquatichen Systemen: Literaturrecherche und
Experimente mit Schwerpunkt auf Metallschicksal in Ästuaren
de
dc.title.translatedsubtitle
Literaturrecherche und Experimente mit Schwerpunkt auf Metallschicksal in
Ästuaren
de
refubium.affiliation
Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000104250
refubium.note.author
All research outputs reported here were funded with the support of EACEA
(Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency) of the European Union.
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000022960
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access