dc.contributor.author
Benken, Petra von den
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-08T00:24:52Z
dc.date.available
2000-12-14T00:00:00.649Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11900
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-16098
dc.description
Die komplette Dissertation im pdf-Format (1.322.125 Bytes):
benke.pdf
dc.description.abstract
A prospective field study was carried out on 656 calves over a study period of
one year (September 94 to September 95) on 38 randomly selected smallholder
farms in the Rukungiri District, South-West Uganda. The overall objectives of
this longitudinal study were to describe morbidity and mortality patterns of
dairy calves from birth to 1 year of age and to examine calf and herd
management practices as risk factors for calf morbidity and mortality. The
study farms were visited every 4 to 6 weeks and standardized questionnaires
recording calf management, herd- and farm parameters were used, all calves
were examined clinically and newborn calves were blood sampled and their birth
weight taken. From newborn calves up to 7 days blood samples were taken for
colostral immunoglobulin transfer determination.
A total of 170 calves less than 7 days old from all study herds were tested
for the adequacy of passive immunoglobulin transfer. The zinc sulphate
turbidity test in each case showed levels higher than 800 mg/dl. There was no
obvious seasonality in calving. Birth weight increased with an increase of
exotic blood. Calves of exotic breeds at birth weighed on average 36.7 kg,
pure indigenous calves 27.7 kg.
The most common suspected diseases were East Coast Fever (ECF) with a
morbidity density rate of 1.0 cases per 1000 calf days at risk. Eye problems
and diarrhoea were diagnosed each in 0.5 cases, lung affections in 0.3 cases
per 1000 calf days at risk and 14 cases of navel infections were recorded.
Lung affections and navel infections occurred most commonly in the first week
of life and morbidity rates for suspected ECF and diarrhoea were highest in
the first month of life. The highest density rate for eye problems was found
between month 3 and weaning age. All diseases were spread between most herds
but inter-herd rates varied considerably. No association between morbidity and
calf-herd-size was established.
The annual crude calf mortality rate in Rukungiri District of 8.23% is
comparably low, it corresponds to a crude calf mortality of 0.34 cases per
1000 calf days at risk.
Suspected tick borne diseases accounted for the largest proportion of all
deaths (40%) during the monitoring period. Death due to diarrhoea (19%),
unknown causes (15%), accidents (15%) and sudden death (11%) further
contributed to the proportional mortality on the study farms.
The inter-herd variability of calf mortality rates was remarkable. 36% of the
study herds did not show any mortality while 12.8% had a calf mortality rate
over 1 case per 1000 calf days. In one locality (Kambuga) of the project area,
calf mortality was particularly low. Death occurred in all calf-herd-sizes and
did not show associations to seasons and climate.
No statistical significant association between distinctive calf parameters and
calf mortality could be established. The highest density of mortality was
found in the first month of age. A trend of a higher calf mortality rate for
bull calves is suggested. Losses were highest in low grade crosses (0.42 cases
per 1000 calf days at risk) while no pure Friesian calf died. In regards to
parity calf mortality was higher in heifer calvings than in multiparous cow
calvings (0.41 and 0.27 per 1000 calf days at risk, respectively).
The univariate analysis of calf- and herd mangement factors (location of farm,
herd size, breed, composition of the herd, management at birth, feeding, calf
housing and calf care) did not establish significant associations to the
observed calf mortality.
A logistic regression and a classification tree were used as multivariate
models to estimate the relationship between explanatory variables and death of
calves. The predictive ability of both models failed to explain the outcome
variable "death yes".
The wide-meshed usually dichotomous variables used failed to explain
mortality. It is concluded that these variables in fact sub-summarize a
multitude of levels, rather than being truly dichotomous.
The factors in the analysis in consequence did not delineate satisfactory
standardized routine management practices.
It is concluded that calf management in Rukungiri District still follows
traditional, haphazard procedures, rather than accommodating needs of modern
dairy herds.
en
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject.ddc
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
dc.title
Longitudinale Untersuchung zum Einfluß distinktiver Kälbermerkmale und
verschiedener Umwelt- und Managementparameter auf die Morbidität und
Mortalität von Kälbern im Rukungiri Distrikt, Uganda
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Karl-Hans Zessin
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Univ.-Prof. Dr. Winfried Hofmann
dc.date.accepted
1998-02-13
dc.date.embargoEnd
2000-12-22
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-1998000354
dc.title.translated
Longitudinal study on the influence of distinctive calf parameters and of
environmental and managemental factors on calfhood morbidity and mortality in
Rukungiri district, Uganda
en
refubium.affiliation
Veterinärmedizin
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000000055
refubium.mycore.transfer
http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1998/35/
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000000055
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access