Germany has three species of high responsibility for conservation that belong to the closely related genera Spergula and Spergularia. A comprehensive sampling including all three species of responsibility from herbarium material and grown from seeds was used to do Sanger sequencing. Four different markers (ITS, trnKmatK, rpl16, trnL-trnF) were sequenced, phylogenetic and network approaches were used to identify closely lineages of the species of interest, infer monophyly of the species and establish first insights into the diversity of the species. Spergula morisonii is widely distributed in Germany and closely related to S. pentandra. The five samples have several haplo- and ribotypes, without a clear geographic pattern. Spergularia segetalis is one of the first branches of Spergularia and shows a clear isolation-by-distance pattern of diversity. Spergularia echinsoperma belongs to a group of European widespread species, but the included samples all share the same haplo- and ribotype. A population genetic study is needed to get a clear picture of the diversity of S. morisonii and Sp. echinosperma in Germany.

We report the synthesis of a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dye with a "symmetry-broken" core, derived from the related hexa-peri-benzocoronene core with a fluoranthene subunit. The fluorophore is composed of a pure carbon skeleton without heteroatoms and exhibits remarkable photoluminescence properties with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 67% in toluene, exceeding that of the parent hexa-peri-benzocoronene by a factor of 30. The single crystal X-ray structure reveals the distorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure, which is responsible for the optoelectronic properties, as supported by density functional theory calculations. We show that the new fluorescent dye can be readily used for the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes without extensive optimization, whereby solubility in a variety of solvents and successful film formation are decisive.

This study explores the stratospheric pathway of the Arctic mid-latitude linkage (AML), a mechanism that connects Arctic amplification (AA) to cold winter weather in mid-latitudes. Using the chemistry-climate model EMAC, we investigate the transition of the AML signal between the troposphere and the stratosphere, focusing on changes in wave activity. Three timeslice experiments were analyzed, covering pre-industrial (1850), present (2020), and future (2100) climates. Compared to a pre-industrial state, both climate change simulations reveal increasing wave propagation and wave breaking in the stratosphere, accompanied by a higher occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). This intensified wave activity enters the stratosphere particularly from the North Pacific and the Atlantic/European region. An evaluation of subseasonal wave activity episodes reveals more frequent tropopause-level wave input events during winter. While we found a significant rise in SSW events in our climate change simulations, their downward influence on mid-latitude winter weather appears to diminish, likely due to a warmer Arctic and the reduced severity of cold air outbreaks. Furthermore, we relate the changes in planetary wave generation to tropospheric baroclinicity, which is controlled by horizontal temperature gradients and static stability. Notably, AA suppresses baroclinic wave formation by weakening horizontal temperature gradients in the lower troposphere. In contrast, the enhanced wave generation in the mid-latitude upper troposphere could be attributed to temperature modifications at nearby altitudes, driven by tropical warming and lower-stratospheric cooling. Finally, considered in isolation, the polar jet was not found to weaken or become more wavy, as proposed by the AML hypothesis.

We present sedimentological data from 3 sediment cores (RI 05, RI 12 and RI 13), which were obtained from a backfilled Weser paleo-meander near the town of Rinteln in Lower Saxony, Germany.

The sediment cores were extracted during two field campaigns in April and August of 2023 using a petrol-driven Wacker hammer (BHF 30 S) with closed steel tubes equipped with PVC liners (5 cm diameter). In the Laboratory for Physical Geography of the Freie Universität Berlin the PVC liners were opened and extracted sediments were cleaned and documented.

The presented sedimentological parameters include: raw data of elemental composition derived by a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Niton XL3t, see Hoelzmann et al. 2017; https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-93-2017) and volume-specific magnetic susceptibility (frequency 0.46 kHz, with an MS2C core scanning sensor and an MS3 meter; Bartington Instruments), both measured on the split sediment cores. Raw measurements of grain size distributions were done using a Beckmann Coulter LS13320 with PIDS (six measurements per sample). Carbonates were dissolved using 17 % HCl and organic material was removed by applying 30 % H2O2 for several days in a 40 °C water bath. Prior to measuring, 0.5 g Na4P2O7 was added as an anti-coagulation agent, the samples were placed in an overhead shaker for 24 h and exposed to ultrasonic. Loss on Ignition was investigated following the procedure described by Dean (1974; https://doi.org/10.1306/74D729D2-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D) and calculated after Heiri et al. (2001; https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008119611481). pH values and electric conductivity were determined on subsamples of 5 g in a solution of 12.5 ml bi-distilled water with the eco Testr pH2 and the HANNA DiST HI 98303. All subsamples were measured twice and the results averaged.

In the pursuit of more secure information transfer, advanced nanoelectronic technologies and nanomaterials must be developed. Here, we present a material able to undergo an unprecedented light-pumped directional charge transfer process reminiscent of toppling dominoes. The material is based on ortho-fluorinated azobenzene molecules which are organized in molecular rows by the regular array of a metal-organic framework. The azobenzene molecules undergo light-induced transcis forward as well as electrocatalytic cistrans backward isomerization. Our findings reveal that electron hopping occurs in a sequential and propagating manner between the light-generated cis isomers along with an isomerization of the sample to the trans state. Thus, light can be used to locally write information, which subsequently can be read out by the transferred charge with simultaneous deletion of the information. This freely repeatable, self-erasing domino information transfer is a groundbreaking new mechanism to process information on the molecular level that may find application in encryption.

We present data from two geoarchaeological/ethnohistorical field campaigns carried out in Tadjoura (Djibouti) in 2023 and 2024.

It accompanies the paper Hardt et al. (submitted to Archäologische Forschungen in Afrika in March 2025): Ancient routes of interaction in the historical sultanate of Tadjoura - results of two geoarcheological and ethnohistorical research seasons in 2023 and 2024

The data published here come from sediments sampled within archaeological structures and are used for their detailed description and dating. For radiocarbon dating, charcoal or other organic fragments were extracted from the sediment by floatation. The dating was carried out at the Poznan Radiocarbon Lab via AMS. The sedimentological parameters include grain size distribution curves based on laser diffraction measurements (3 measurements per sample; Beckman Coulter LS 13320) and raw data of the elemental composition obtained by a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer (Thermoscientific Niton XLt3). Sedimentological works were carried out in the laboratory for Physical Geography at Freie Universität Berlin. The preparation steps followed the standard laboratory procedure (cf. Hardt et al., 2023; doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-37-2023).

The raw XRF data include measurements of the following standard material that can be used for calibration: RF25 => NCS DC 73325 Soil, China National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel (2008) RF87 => NCS DC 73387 Soil, China National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel (2008) RF89 => NCS DC 73389 Soil, China National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel (2008)

Frühmoderne gedruckte Erzähltexte sind multimodal. ORDNEL bietet eine möglichst vollständige Druckübersicht mit detaillierten Informationen zur Multimodalität gedruckter deutscher und niederländischer Erzählliteratur bis 1800 (Griseldis; Reineke Fuchs; Fortunatus), die zu den Top Ten Erzähltexten im frühmodernen Europa gehören. Insgesamt sind 319 Drucke in 1069 Exemplaren erfasst. Jeder Eintrag bietet folgende Angaben: Autor:in/Übersetzer:in, Titel, Druckort, Drucker:in(verleger:in), Verleger:in, Entstehungsjahr, Quelle der Information, Kollation, Umfang des Drucks in Seiten, Format, Titelblattholzschnitt, Holzschnitte, Anzahl der Wiederholungen der Holzschnitte, Künstler:in. Im Hinblick auf die Überlieferung werden Angaben zur Zahl der Exemplare, zu den Exemplaren in den Bibliotheken und Archiven und zu den Digitalisaten der Drucke gemacht. Ebenso sind Angaben zur Sekundärliteratur, Bemerkungen zu inhaltlichen, formalen und paratextuellen Aspekten sowie zur Sprache erfasst (Stand: Februar 2024).

Der Datensatz enthält Messwerte im fünf Minuten Takt des 'FU- Microclimate network' (FUMiNET) aus dem Berliner Stadtgebiet. Dieses Messnetz wurde kontinuierlich seit dem Jahr 2017 aufgebaut und dient der skalenübergreifenden Erfoschung des Stadtklimas von Berlin, welches durch das BMBF 'Stadtklima im Wandel Projektes' (https://www.uc2-program.org/) gefördert wurde. Die Stationen sind so aufgebaut, dass die Stadtstruktur von Berlin gut abgebildet wird. Gemessen wird die 2m Temperatur und Feuchte. Im Datenpaket sind die Daten des Jahres 2024 enthalten. Zu jeder der Stationen gibt es eine Datei mit gepackten Daten im CSV Format. In einer Gesamtbeschreibung als eine pdf Datei sind die Standorte expliziert beschrieben.

The spin-crossover (SCO) properties of the dinuclear complex [{Fe(H2B(pz)2)2}2μ−(ac(bipy)2)] were studied as (sub)-monolayer and thin film deposited by an ultra-high vacuum liquid-jet deposition technique on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. A comparison of the SCO properties of thin films and a dropcast sample indicates that the spin-switching probability of the thin films is limited due to substrate–molecule interactions. The maximum percentage of molecules in the low-spin (LS) state observed for 0.7 and 1.8 monolayers (ML) is approximately 43 % at a temperature of 80 K in comparison to the dropcast sample where ≈ 66 % of the complex is in the LS state. The similar switching properties of the dropcast sample as of a bulk powder sample confirm that the SCO properties are not affected by the presence of solvent necessary for deposition. The soft-X-ray-induced excited spin-state trapping (SOXIESST) effect is pronounced in all samples, although the light-induced high-spin (HS) fraction of the dropcast and the thin-film samples on HOPG is higher as compared to the HS fraction attained by SOXIESST, which confirms the sensitivity of the complex to light.

Der Datensatz enthält Minutenwerte der meteorologischen Messgrößen Luftdruck, Niederschlag, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Beleuchtungsstärke und Lufttemperatur (mittels verschiedener Sensoren gemessen und modelliert), die mit dem Messgerät MESSI erhoben wurden. Der MESSI (Mein eigenes Subskalen Messinstrument für atmosphärische Größen) ist eine kostengünstige Wetterstation für Citizen Science Projekte, die an der Freien Universität entworfen wurde.

Zudem beinhaltet der Datensatz auch Messungen von Wetterstationen der Firma Pessl Instruments, die die Messgrößen Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit und Niederschlag beinhalten. Bei diesen Stationen ist die minimale Messfrequenz 5 Minuten. Alle 98 Messstationen wurden dabei vornehmlich in Kleingärten von teilnehmenden Bürger:innen platziert. Die Messungen fokussierten sich jeweils auf die Sommermonate 2023, wobei vereinzelte Stationen auch über einen längeren Zeitraum gemessen haben.

This dataset presents detailed coverage information derived from catalogs of CO₂ jet deposit features—fans and blotches—observed at the Martian South Pole. Generated using high-resolution HiRISE imagery from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), the dataset quantifies the spatial extent and distribution of these seasonal deposits across multiple Martian years. The coverage data is crucial for understanding the dynamics of CO₂ sublimation and its interaction with surface and atmospheric processes.

The coverage metrics were calculated from annotated features compiled through contributions from the citizen science project Planet Four and advanced clustering algorithms. Each dataset entry includes coverage percentages, and the tile and image identifiers. The data spans several key regions of interest, providing insights into Martian polar processes.

This coverage dataset is a valuable resource for planetary scientists, climate modelers, and researchers focused on Martian seasonal dynamics and atmospheric coupling.

This dataset comprises comprehensive catalogs of CO₂ jet deposit features—fans and blotches—captured at the Martian South Pole. Derived from High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), the catalogs were developed as part of a thesis exploring seasonal sublimation-driven processes and their implications for Martian surface-atmosphere interactions. The data was created through an extensive workflow, including contributions from the citizen science project Planet Four, advanced density-based clustering (DBSCAN), and ground-projection techniques to generate geographic coordinates. Each entry includes detailed metadata such as location, morphology, orientation, and classification into either fan or blotch types. Additionally, we also provide multiple catalogs including more metadata. The dataset serves as a vital resource for planetary scientists, atmospheric modelers, and researchers studying Martian polar dynamics. It provides foundational data for investigating surface-atmosphere coupling, wind patterns, and the spatial-temporal behavior of seasonal CO₂ jet deposits.

Der Datensatz enthält Minutenwerte der meteorologischen Messgrößen Luftdruck, Niederschlag, Luftfeuchtigkeit, Beleuchtungsstärke und Lufttemperatur (mittels verschiedener Sensoren gemessen und modelliert), die mit dem Messgerät MESSI erhoben wurden. Der MESSI (Mein eigenes Subskalen Messinstrument für atmosphärische Größen) ist eine kostengünstige Wetterstation für Citizen Science Projekte, die an der Freien Universität entworfen wurde. Zudem beinhaltet der Datensatz auch Messungen von Wetterstationen der Firma Pessl Instruments, die die Messgrößen Lufttemperatur, Luftfeuchtigkeit und Niederschlag beinhalten. Bei diesen Stationen ist die minimale Messfrequenz 5 Minuten. Alle 38 Messstationen wurden dabei vornehmlich in Kleingärten von teilnehmenden Bürger:innen platziert. Die Messungen fokussierten sich jeweils auf die Sommermonate 2022, wobei vereinzelte Stationen auch über einen längeren Zeitraum gemessen haben.

This dataset contains 16 simulation cases which are driven by the same large-scale forcing and exposed to a rough surface. Members of the parametric set of simulations differ by stable density stratification, which is imposed via a Dirichlet boundary condition (viz. constant temperature difference between upper and lower domain boundary). The cases are labelled by their ID (N, S001,..., S128, ..., S256P) according to the stratification measured by the Richardson number Ri_Λ; N stands for neutral stratification, S for stable. The simulations were carried out sequentially in time starting from the neutral case N, a suffix P indicates three concurrent runs for very stable stratification (S128P, S192P, S256P). Here the bulk Richardson number Ri_B is evaluated based on the boundary layer thickness of the neutrally stratified case N such that it does not evolve over the course of simulation. The choice of Re_Λ = 5x10^5 corresponds to Re_D = 1000 (Re_D = DG/ν, with the laminar Ekman-layer depth D = (2ν/f)^0.5 ) and a friction Reynolds number Re_τ ≈ 2700 for the neutrally stratified case. Two computational grids are used: (A) 3840x704x3840, (B) 3840x576x3840 with similar spatial resolution of approximately 2.6x1.0x2.6 wall units and a domain size in terms of the Rossby radius of 0.27x0.26x0.27 for grid (A), and 0.27x0.11x0.27 for grid (B). This dataset contains a PDF file outlining the simulation setup and description of the variables contained in the netCDF files. A detailed description of the methodology and implementation is found in the git repository https://github.com/turbulencia/tlab, which contains the relevant code and a manual.

The Mars 2020 Terrain Relative Navigation HiRISE Orthorectified Image Mosaic provided by USGS was used together with the pixel-aligned HRSC color data to produce a pan-sharpened color mosaic that retains the original spatial resolution of 50 cm per pixel. The pansharpening method used here is HSV color space conversion.

The HRSC color processing is described in Michael et al. (2016). An overview of the HRSC processing methodology and product characteristics is described in Gwinner et al., 2016.

Image credits: ESA/NASA/DLR/JPL/USGS/FUB/S.Walter