dc.contributor.author
Niehoff, Stephanie
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T21:17:16Z
dc.date.available
2014-07-11T08:03:54.737Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/7671
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-11870
dc.description
List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations 1\. Introduction 1.1
Migration to São Paulo 1.2 Open questions and aims of the study 1.3 Outline of
the study 2\. The Bolivians in São Paulo 2.1 The city 2.1.1 The historical
context: immigration 2.1.2 The socioeconomic context: segregation 2.2 The
Bolivians 2.2.1 The historical context 2.2.2 The socioeconomic context 2.3
Summing up 3\. State of the Art 3.1 (Urban) Sociolinguistics 3.1.1 Structural
variation 3.1.2 Stylistic variation 3.1.3 Perception 3.1.4 Urban
sociolinguistics in Brazil 3.1.5 Urban sociolinguistics in Bolivia 3.2
Language Contact and Second Language Acquisition 3.2.1 Process oriented
approaches 3.2.1.1 Borrowing and shift-induced interference 3.2.1.2 Borrowing
and imposition 3.2.1.3 Communication accommodation 3.2.1.4 Koine, koineization
and dialect leveling 3.2.1.5 Code mixing 3.2.2 Classroom contact situations
between Spanish and Portuguese 3.2.3 Natural contact situations between
Spanish and Portuguese 3.3 Holistic approaches 3.3.1 Migrationslinguistik
3.3.2 Urbane Prozesse 3.4 Summing up 4\. A theoretical approach to language
contact caused by migration 4.1 The sociological basis 4.2 The linguistic
processes in language contact situations and their cause 4.2.1 Accommodation
toward social networks – by social indexicality 4.2.2 Further processes:
L1-transfer and simplification 4.3 Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo 4.4
Methodology 4.5 Summing up 5\. Methodology: a mixed methods approach 5.1 The
sequential exploratory design (QUAL → quan) 5.2 The qualitative part of the
study 5.2.1 Ethics 5.2.2 Participants 5.2.2.1 Making contact 5.2.2.2 The
sampling strategy 5.2.2.3 Selecting the informants 5.2.3 Sources of data
5.2.3.1 Observation 5.2.3.2 The sociolinguistic interview 5.2.3 Transcription
and analysis 5.3 Connecting the two parts 5.3.1 Participants 5.3.2 Sources of
data 5.3.3 Selecting the examples 5.4 The quantitative part of the study 5.4.1
Participants 5.4.2 The questionnaire 5.4.3 Procedure 5.4.4 Data analysis 5.5
Summing up 6\. Characteristics of the Bolivian’s Portuguese in São Paulo 6.1
The varieties in contact 6.2 The analysis of the corpus 6.2.1 Semi-open vowels
ɛ and ɔ 6.2.2 Diphthongization before final /s/ 6.2.3 Nasal vowels 6.2.4
Reduction vs. variation of o/u and e/i 6.2.5 Palatization of -ti/di 6.2.6
Vibrants 6.2.6.1 Vibrants at syllable onset 6.2.6.2 Vibrants in syllable coda
6.2.6.3 Rhotacism 6.2.7 Sibilants inside the word 6.2.8 Elision of final /s/
and absence of number agreement 6.2.9 Gender attribution and absence of gender
agreement 6.2.10 Personal pronouns and verbal paradigm 6.2.10.1 Personal
pronouns 6.2.10.2 The absence of verbal agreement 6.2.11 Prepositions 6.2.12
Word order 6.2.13 Dicourse marker 6.2.14 Common Expressions 6.2.15 Code-Mixing
6.3 Summing up 7\. The evaluation of the Bolivians’ speech 7.1 The linguistic
perception of the Bolivians 7.1.1 Linguistic features 7.1.2 Linguistic
classification of the speech 7.1.2.1 Labeling the language 7.1.2.2 The
speakers' place of origin 7.1.2.3 The speakers’ style 7.2 Social evaluation
7.2.1 The speakers’ place of residence 7.2.2 The ascription of social
characteristics 7.3. Personal evaluation 7.4 Summing up 8\. The Portuguese of
Bolivian immigrants 8.1 The not assimilated workers (NAW) 8.1.1 The social
network 8.1.2 Linguistic characterization 8.1.2.1 Accommodation 8.1.2.2
L1-transfer 8.1.2.3 Morphological simplification 8.1.3 Evaluation by
Paulistanos 8.1.4 Resume 8.2 The socially assimilated workers (SAW) 8.2.1 The
social network 8.2.2 Linguistic characterization 8.2.2.1 Accommodation 8.2.2.2
L1-transfer 8.2.2.3 Morphological simplification 8.2.3 Evaluation by
Paulistanos 8.2.4 Resume 8.3 The structurally assimilated academics (StAA)
8.3.1 Social network 8.3.2 Linguistic characterization 8.3.2.1 Accommodation
8.3.2.2 L1-transfer 8.3.2.3 Morphological simplification 8.3.3 Evaluation by
Paulistanos 8.3.4 Resume 8.4 Summing up 9\. Conclusion and outlook 10\.
References Annex I: Overview of the informants Annex II: Transcription
protocol Annex III: The questionnaire
dc.description.abstract
The subject of this study are the Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo; at the
time of the study (2008-2010) the biggest immigrant group in the city with
more than 200.000 people. Based on linguistic data I collected empirically, a
holistic approach towards the linguistic processes involved in migration is
developed and tested to answer the central questions for the Bolivian
immigrants in São Paulo: Who speaks Portuguese? In which way? Why? Based on a
sociological excurse that claims that assimilation processes towards social
organization inside a differentiated society are valid to explain the behavior
of migrants, my study identifies accommodation as the decisive process with
regard to language contact due to migration: It explains not only the choice
of language maintenance resp. language learning as consequence of individual
attitude and the social environment, but also the use of certain socio-
indexical features. They are employed in order to accommodate to the variety
that is perceived as socially successful in the social network the migrants
live in. With regard to social factors influencing these networks, the
speakers’ attitude and the quantity and quality of Portuguese-speaking
contacts have to be considered. Further linguistic processes that have to be
taken into account in this context are L1-transfer and simplification. I show
that these processes are conditioned and influenced by accommodation as well,
i.e. they underlie social constraints. The social constraints of Bolivian
immigrants in São Paulo are defined by factors like the size and heterogeneity
as well as the strong social stratification of the population of the city and
of the Bolivian community. Methodologically, the speech of the Bolivians
themselves as well as data about their attitudes and their social networks,
have required qualitative ethnographic research: The first part consists of
the composition and analysis of a corpus of 28 sociolinguistic interviews with
Bolivian immigrants living in São Paulo that were conducted in 2008, giving a
detailed presentation of their social characteristics such as age, duration of
stay and profession. Since social indexicality is based on social convention,
a further quantitative study that included the social stratification of São
Paulo’s population could confirm whether the linguistic strategies employed by
the Bolivians are actually successful. Therefore, an online questionnaire
based on the analysis of the qualitative data was developed and distributed
between Paulistanos in 2010, resulting in the statistical evaluation of 100
responses.
de
dc.description.abstract
Die Arbeit untersucht unter soziolinguistischen Aspekten das Portugiesische
der bolivianischen Einwanderer in São Paulo auf der Grundlage von Daten, die
in mehreren Aufenthalten vor Ort erhoben wurden. Die bolivianische Community
in der brasilianischen Megastadt umfasste zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung
(2008-2010) bereits mehr als 200.000 Menschen. Die große Mehrheit von ihnen
gelangte nach dem Jahr 2000 in die Metropole, um in der Textilindustrie zu
arbeiten. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen die Fragen, weshalb welche
Varietäten des Portugiesischen von den Bolivianern erlernt werden und welche
Erklärung es für das Sprachverhalten aus soziolinguistischer Sicht gibt. Kurz:
Welche Bolivianer lernen Portugiesisch? Weshalb? Und wie sprechen sie?
Basierend auf einem soziologischen Exkurs, der Assimilationsprozesse von
Migranten innerhalb einer differenzierten Gesellschaft erklärt, identifiziere
ich Akkommodation als den entscheidenden Prozess bei durch Migration
verursachtem Sprachkontakt: Akkommodation erklärt nicht nur, ob die eigene
Sprache beibehalten oder die neue Sprache gelernt wird, sondern auch den
Gebrauch von sozio-indexikalischen Merkmalen. Diese werden eingesetzt, um an
die Varietät zu akkommodieren, die von den Bolivianern in ihrem jeweiligen
Netzwerk als sozial erfolgreich wahrgenommen werden. Die Netzwerke wiederum
werden von der Einstellung der Sprecher sowie der Quantität und Qualität der
portugiesisch-sprechenden Kontakte beeinflusst. Weitere sprachliche Prozesse,
die beim Sprachkontakt beachtet werden müssen, sind L1-Transfer und
Simplifizierung. Meine Studie zeigt, dass auch diese Prozesse von
Akkommodation bedingt werden, da sie ebenfalls sozialen Beschränkungen wie der
starken sozialen Stratifizierung von São Paulos Bevölkerung und der
bolivianischen Community unterliegen. Um diese Thesen zu verifizieren bzw. zu
falsifizieren, wird in einem ersten Schritt eine umfassende sprachliche
Analyse von Interviews mit 28 Bolivianern durchgeführt, die insbesondere die
unterschiedlichen Varietäten des in São Paulo gesprochenen Portugiesisch
berücksichtigt. Nachdem Sozio-Indexikalität auf sozialen Konventionen basiert,
wird nachfolgend eine quantitative Studie durchgeführt, die bestätigt, dass
die von den Bolivianern angewandten sprachlichen Strategien erfolgreich sind.
Dieser Perzeptionstest umfasst einen Online-Fragebogen, der von 100
Paulistanos in 2010 beantwortet wurde.
de
dc.format.extent
VIII, 268, X S.
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
sociolinguistics
dc.subject
social indexicality
dc.subject.ddc
400 Sprache::460 Spanisch, Portugiesisch::467 Varianten des Spanischen
dc.subject.ddc
400 Sprache::460 Spanisch, Portugiesisch::469 Portugiesisch
dc.title
Bolivian immigrants in São Paulo
dc.contributor.contact
steffi.niehoff@web.de
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Uli Reich (FU Berlin)
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Profa. Dra. Verena Kewitz (Universidade de São Paulo)
dc.date.accepted
2012-01-20
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000097080-0
dc.title.subtitle
A sociolinguistic study of language contact in the city
dc.title.translated
Bolivianische Einwanderer in São Paulo
de
dc.title.translatedsubtitle
eine soziolinguistische Studie zu Sprachkontakt in der Stadt
en
refubium.affiliation
Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000097080
refubium.note.author
In order to obtain the links to the transcriptions and audio files
(Exmeralda), please write an email to steffi.niehoff@web.de.
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000015479
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access