dc.contributor.author
Wanner, Brigitte
dc.date.accessioned
2018-06-07T20:59:11Z
dc.date.available
2003-01-28T00:00:00.649Z
dc.identifier.uri
https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/7230
dc.identifier.uri
http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-11429
dc.description
TITLE PAGE AND CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
GERMAN SUMMARY
1\. INTRODUCTION
2\. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 Goal Striving in Middle Childhood and Preadolescence
2.2 Perceived Control and Objective Control Conditions
2.3 Perceived Control and Action Regulation under Varying Conditions of
Objective Control
2.4 Friendships and Peer Group Acceptance -- Two Different Types of Peer
Relationships
2.5 Central Questions Examined in the Present Study
3\. METHOD
3.1 General Assessment Procedures
3.2 Participants
3.3 Measures
3.4 Treatment of the Data
3.5 General Statistical Procedures
4\. RESULTS
4.1 Preparatory Analyses : Development of Means-ends and Agency Beliefs
4.2 Does Children's Sociometric Status Moderate the Relationships among
Perceived Control, Action Strategies, and Friendship Outcomes (i.e., Friend-
rated Friendship Quality and Number of Mutual Friendships)?
4.3 Exploratory Analyses of a Possible Mechanism Underlying the Relationship
between Perceived Control and Friendship: Do Friendless Children Differ in
their Ascribed Importance of Friendships from Friended Children?
4.4 Summary of the Results of the Main Analyses
5\. DISCUSSION
5.1 The Main Findings of the Present Study
5.2 Strengths and Limitations of the Present Study
5.3 Summary and Conclusions
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A Sample Sizes
B Effects of the Various School Settings on the Central Constructs -- A
Comparison among the Three Assessed Schools
C Effects of the Ordering of Assessments of Measures in the Study
D Measurement Instruments
E Descriptive Statistics of the Indicators of the Central Constructs
F Details of the Structural Equation Modeling Procedures
G Development of Means-ends and Agency Beliefs: Structural Relationships, Mean
Levels, and Functioning in the Domain of Friendship During Middle Childhood
H Agency and Means-ends Beliefs, Action Strategies, Self-rated Friendship
Quality, Goal Difficulty, and Goal Importance: Estimated Parameters of the
Measurement-Invariant 5-Group Models
I Testing Measurement Invariance of Models Combining Two or Three Sets of the
Constructs across Sociometric Groups of Friended and Friendless Children
J Equality of Latent Variances of the Constructs and Gender, Linear, and
Quadratic Effects of Grade on the Constructs across Sociometric Groups of
Friended and Friendless Children
K Mean-level Differences in Friendship Outcomes (i.e., Children's Typical
Views of Friendship Quality, Self ratings and Friend ratings of Mutual
Friendships, and Number of Mutual Friendships)
L Invariance of the Correlational Structure of Action Strategies, Self-rated
Friendship Quality Across Sociometric Groups of Friended and Friendless
Children and Invariance of the Correlations of Self-rated and Friend-rated
Quality of Mutual Friendships
M Results of Hierarchical Regression Analyses
N Relationships of Perceived Control (i.e., Agency and Means-ends Beliefs, and
Goal Difficulty) and Action Straties with the Number of Mutual Friendships
O Effects of RAVEN Intelligence, School Grades, Peer-nominations of
Aggression, and Social Desirability on the Relationships of Perceived Control,
Action Strategies and Friend-rated Friendship Quality
dc.description.abstract
Establishing friendships represents a developmental task for children.
However, the quality of some children's friendships is evaluated negatively by
their friends. Other children even remain friendless. In order to investigate
why some children have problems to solve this developmental task, the action-
theory model of psychological control (e.g., Skinner, Chapman, & Baltes, 1988)
was employed as a theoretical framework and adapted for the friendship domain.
The model postulates that competence and contingencies represent constituents
of objective control. Thus, competence and contingencies determine whether an
exerted action results in goal attainment or failure. Consequently, the model
differentiates between beliefs about competence and contingency (i.e.,
causality beliefs and goal difficulty). These beliefs represent subjective
interpretations of actual competence and contingencies. The employed quasi-
experimental approach tested the influence of differences in objective control
on perceived control and its relationships with friendships. Sociometric peer
status was used as an indicator of differences in competence and
contingencies. Empirical findings show that the investigated sociometric
groups of popular, average, and rejected children differ in both social
competence and contingencies provided by their peers. 642 elementary-school
children (grades 3 to 6, M = 10.3, SD = 1.3) were classified according to
their sociometric status using the method proposed by Coie et al. (1982). In
addition, subgroups of children with reciprocal friendships and friendless
children were differentiated. Perceived control and action strategies were
assessed with the Control, Agency, and Means-ends Beliefs Inventory for
Friendship (Multi-CAM, Little & Wanner, 1997). The three best friends'
evaluations of friendship quality were assessed with the Friendship Inventory
(Little et al., 1997) and their mean was calculated. Multiple-group mean and
covariance structures analyses were conducted using LISREL 8 (Jöreskog &
Sörbom, 1993). The results showed that contingency beliefs reflected
differences in perceived control whereas competence beliefs did not. For
friendless children, high relationships of contingency beliefs and ineffective
action strategies supported the assumption that low perceived control explains
why they fail to establish mutual friendships. Similar patterns of
relationships are found for rejected children with friends. Importantly, these
children differ from the friendless children regarding the specific dimension
of the causality beliefs which was central for their low feelings of control.
Taken together with the finding that rejected children with friends also have
high perceptions of goal difficulty, the findings contradict the notion that
aggressive-rejected children (who typically have friends) perceive their
situation exceedingly optimistically. Moreover, the results showed that
contingency beliefs and ineffective action strategies were related to friends'
negative views of friendship quality. Finally, the results showed that
rejected children's optimistically biased competence beliefs were negatively
related to friends' views of friendship quality. In contrast, accepted
children's more realistic competence beliefs were positively related to
friends' views of friendships.
de
dc.description.abstract
Obwohl es sich Kindern als Entwicklungsaufgabe stellt, Freundschaften zu
etablieren, haben manche Kinder Freundschaften, deren Qualität von den
Freunden als niedrig beurteilt wird. Andere Kinder haben sogar keine Freunde.
Um zu untersuchen, warum Kinder Probleme beim Lösen dieser Entwicklungsaufgabe
haben, wurde das handlungstheoretische Modell zur psychologischen Kontrolle
von Skinner, Chapman und Baltes (1988) als theoretisches Rahmenwerk
herangezogen und im Freundschaftsbereich angewandt. Das Modell postuliert,
dass Kompetenz und Kontingenz die objektive Kontrolle determinieren und daher
bestimmen, ob eine ausgeführte Handlung zum gewünschten Erfolg führt oder
nicht. Demgemäss unterscheidet das Modell zwischen Kompetenzüberzeugungen und
Kontingenzüberzeugungen (Kausalitäts- und Schwierigkeitsüberzeugungen), die
subjektive Interpretationen von Kompetenz und Kontingenz darstellen. Um
quasiexperimentell den Einfluss von Unterschieden in objektiver Kontrolle auf
Kontrollüberzeugungen und ihre Zusammenhänge mit Freundschaftsergebnissen zu
untersuchen, wurde der soziometrische Status der Kinder als Indikator für
Unterschiede in Kompetenzen und Kontingenzen herangezogen. Empirische Befunde
zeigen, dass sich bei den untersuchten Statusgruppen der populären,
durchschnittlichen und abgelehnten Kinder soziale Kompetenzen und Kontingenzen
unterscheiden. 642 Grundschüler (Klassen 3 bis 6, M = 10,3, S = 1,3) wurden in
soziometrische Statusgruppen (Coie et al., 1982) eingeteilt, wobei zwischen
Subgruppen von Kindern mit und ohne Freunden unterschieden wurde.
Kontrollüberzeugungen und Handlungsstrategien wurden mit dem Multi-dimensional
Control, Agency, and Means-ends Beliefs Inventory for Friendship (Multi-CAM,
Little & Wanner, 1997) erfasst. Beurteilungen der Freundschaftsqualität durch
Freunde wurden mit dem Freundesinterview (Little et al., 1997) erhoben und
gemittelt. Als Analysemethode wurden Mehrgruppen Mittelwerts- und
Kovarianzstrukturgleichungsmodelle mittels LISREL 8 durchgeführt. Die
Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Kontingenzüberzeugungen Unterschiede in
wahrgenommener Kontrolle reflektierten, während dies bei
Kompetenzüberzeugungen nicht der Fall war. Bei freundlosen Kindern wiesen hohe
Zusammenhänge der Kontingenzüberzeugungen mit ineffektiven Handlungsstrategien
darauf hin, dass niedrige wahrgenommene Kontrolle erklärt, warum es ihnen
misslingt, Freundschaften zu etablieren. Da sich ähnliche Zusammenhangsmuster
(und hohe Schwierigkeitsüberzeugungen) bei abgelehnten Kindern mit Freunden
zeigten, widerlegen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse die in der Literatur
vertretene Auffassung, dass aggressive abgelehnte Kinder mit Freunden ihre
Situation zu optimistisch einschätzen. Diese Gruppe unterschied sich
allerdings von freundlosen Kindern in Bezug auf die spezifische Dimension der
Kausalitätsüberzeugungen, die zentral für niedrige Kontrollgefühle war. Die
Ergebnisse zeigten ferner, dass Kontingenzüberzeugungen und ineffektive
Handlungsstrategien mit negativen Freundesberichten über die
Freundschaftsqualität zusammenhingen. Schließlich zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass
die zu optimistischen Kompetenzüberzeugungen abgelehnter Kinder -
hypothesenkonform - mit negativen Freundesberichten zusammenhingen, während
die realistischeren Kompetenzüberzeugungen akzeptierter Kinder mit positiven
Freundesberichten zusammenhingen.
de
dc.rights.uri
http://www.fu-berlin.de/sites/refubium/rechtliches/Nutzungsbedingungen
dc.subject
Perceived control
dc.subject
action regulation
dc.subject
reciprocal friendships
dc.subject
sociometric status
dc.subject
child development
dc.subject.ddc
300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung
dc.title
Children's Perceived Control about Friendship and Action Regulation in
Friendship Relationships in the Context of Peer Status
dc.contributor.firstReferee
Prof. Dr. Paul B. Baltes
dc.contributor.furtherReferee
Prof. Dr. Lothar Krappmann
dc.date.accepted
2003-01-20
dc.date.embargoEnd
2003-01-28
dc.identifier.urn
urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-2003000185
dc.title.translated
Bereichsspezifische Kontrollüberzeugungen und Handlungsregulation in
Freundschaftsbeziehungen im Kontext der sozialen Integration in die
Gleichaltrigengruppe in der Kindheit
de
refubium.affiliation
Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie
de
refubium.mycore.fudocsId
FUDISS_thesis_000000000880
refubium.mycore.transfer
http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/18/
refubium.mycore.derivateId
FUDISS_derivate_000000000880
dcterms.accessRights.dnb
free
dcterms.accessRights.openaire
open access