Insertion of Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) in Sanctuary Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Using Ultrasonography and Radiology to Confirm Placement

Abstract

Background

Reproduction in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be controlled by the insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs) for females who do not reliably take oral contraceptives. Previous literature describes the use of improvised devices made from syringe cases as a speculum to accommodate the depth of the vaginal vault.

Methods

Copper IUDs (model T380A) were inserted in two sanctuary-housed chimpanzees. A disposable human small-sized vaginal speculum (Welch Allyn KleenSpec) with an illumination system provided a good view of the cervix. A 3/4 mm dilator and a uterine sound aided insertion.

Results

After multiple rounds of dilation, the uterine sound was still necessary to manipulate the IUD to the fundus of the uterus. Correct placement was confirmed by ultrasonography and radiology.

Conclusion

Inserting IUDs in chimpanzees can prove challenging. Having appropriate equipment available, such as varied sizes of speculums and dilators, is crucial. Gynecologists and ultrasonographers with experience inserting IUDs in humans can help ensure correct placement.