The usefulness of perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for the imaging of experimental myocarditis has been demonstrated in a high-field 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner. Our proof-of-concept study investigated the imaging capacity of PFC-based F-19/H-1 MRI in an animal myocarditis model using a clinical field strength of 1.5 Tesla. To induce experimental myocarditis, five male rats (weight similar to 300 g, age similar to 50 days) were treated with one application per week of doxorubicin (2 mg/kg BW) over a period of six weeks. Three control animals received the identical volume of sodium chloride 0.9% instead. Following week six, all animals received a single 4 ml injection of an 20% oil-in-water perfluorooctylbromide nanoemulsion 24 hours prior to in vivo(1)H/F-19 imaging on a 1.5 Tesla MRI. After euthanasia, cardiac histology and immunohistochemistry using CD68/ED1 macrophage antibodies were performed, measuring the inflamed myocardium in & mu;m(2) for further statistical analysis to compare the extent of the inflammation with the F-19-MRI signal intensity. All animals treated with doxorubicin showed a specific signal in the myocardium, while no myocardial signal could be detected in the control group. Additionally, the doxorubicin group showed a significantly higher SNR for F-19 and a stronger CD68/ED1 immunhistoreactivity compared to the control group. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions could be detected in an in vivo experimental myocarditis model at a currently clinically relevant field strength.
