Electrostatic fate of N-layer moiré graphene

Abstract

Twisted N-layer graphene (TNG) moiré structures have recently been shown to exhibit robust superconductivity similar to twisted bilayer graphene (TBG). In particular for N=4 and N=5, the phase diagram features a superconducting pocket that extends beyond the nominal full filling of the flat band. These observations are seemingly at odds with the canonical understanding of the low-energy theory of TNG, wherein the TNG Hamiltonian consists of one flat-band sector and accompanying dispersive bands. Using a self-consistent Hartree-Fock treatment, we explain how the phenomenology of TNG can be understood through an interplay of in-plane Hartree and inhomogeneous layer potentials, which cause a reshuffling of electronic bands. We extend our understanding beyond the case of N=5 realized in experiment so far. We describe how the Hartree and layer potentials control the phase diagram for devices with N>5 and tend to preclude exchange-driven correlated phenomena in this limit. To circumvent these electrostatic constraints, we propose a flat-band paradigm that could be realized in large-N devices by taking advantage of two nearly flat sectors acting together to enhance the importance of exchange effects.