Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has been the source of many challenges for medical students worldwide. The authors examined short-term effects on the knowledge gain of medical students in German-speaking countries. Methods. The development of the knowledge gain of medical students during the pandemic was measured by comparing the outcomes of shared questions within Berlin Progress Test (PT) pairs. The PT is a formative test of 200 multiple choice questions at the graduate level, which provides feedback to students on knowledge and knowledge gain during their course of study. It is provided to about 11,000 students in Germany and Austria around the beginning of each semester. We analyzed three successive test pairs: PT36-PT41 (both conducted before the pandemic), PT37-PT42 (PT37 took place before the pandemic; PT42 was conducted from April 2020 onwards), and PT38-PT43 (PT38 was administered before the pandemic; PT43 started in November 2020). The authors used mixed-effect regression models and compared the absolute variations in the percentage of correct answers per subject. Results. The most recent test of each PT pair showed a higher mean score compared to the previous test in the same pair (PT36-PT41 : 2.53 (95% CI: 1.31-3.75), PT37-PT42 : 3.72 (2.57-4.88), and PT38-PT43 : 5.66 (4.63-6.69)). Analogously, an increase in the share of correct answers was observed for most medical disciplines, with Epidemiology showing the most remarkable upsurge. Conclusions. Overall, PT performance improved during the pandemic, which we take as an indication that the sudden shift to online learning did not have a negative effect on the knowledge gain of students. We consider that these results may be helpful in advancing innovative approaches to medical education.
