Dieses Working Paper analysiert zwei Protest-veranstaltungen, die am 27. September 2025 in Berlin unter den Titel „All Eyes on Gaza – stoppt den Genozid“ und „Zusammen für Gaza“ statt-fanden und mehrere zehntausend Menschen auf die Straße brachten. Beide Proteste sind Teil einer länger anhaltenden, transnationalen Mo-bilisierungswelle, die auf die systematische Zer-störung von und humanitäre Katastrophe in Gaza Bezug nimmt, die von zahlreichen Ex-pert*innen als Genozid eingeordnet wird, sowie auf die Einschränkung von Palästina-Solidarität in Deutschland reagiert. Kern des Papiers ist eine systematische Aufschlüsselung der Ergeb-nisse einer standardisierten Befragung von Teil-nehmenden der Demonstrationen. Untersucht werden das soziodemografische Profil der Pro-testierenden, ihre politischen Einstellungen und Protesterfahrungen, ihre Motivlagen sowie ihre Wahrnehmungen des gesellschaftlichen Kon-texts in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse erlauben, gerade im Vergleich mit Daten aus früheren De-monstrationsbefragungen des ipb zu anderen Themen, neue Einblicke in Dynamiken, Zusam-mensetzung und Motive von Palästina-Solidari-tätsprotesten in Deutschland.

Dieses Working Paper analysiert zwei Protest-veranstaltungen, die am 27. September 2025 in Berlin unter den Titel „All Eyes on Gaza – stoppt den Genozid“ und „Zusammen für Gaza“ statt-fanden und mehrere zehntausend Menschen auf die Straße brachten. Beide Proteste sind Teil einer länger anhaltenden, transnationalen Mo-bilisierungswelle, die auf die systematische Zer-störung von und humanitäre Katastrophe in Gaza Bezug nimmt, die von zahlreichen Ex-pert*innen als Genozid eingeordnet wird, sowie auf die Einschränkung von Palästina-Solidarität in Deutschland reagiert. Kern des Papiers ist eine systematische Aufschlüsselung der Ergeb-nisse einer standardisierten Befragung von Teil-nehmenden der Demonstrationen. Untersucht werden das soziodemografische Profil der Pro-testierenden, ihre politischen Einstellungen und Protesterfahrungen, ihre Motivlagen sowie ihre Wahrnehmungen des gesellschaftlichen Kon-texts in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse erlauben, gerade im Vergleich mit Daten aus früheren De-monstrationsbefragungen des ipb zu anderen Themen, neue Einblicke in Dynamiken, Zusam-mensetzung und Motive von Palästina-Solidari-tätsprotesten in Deutschland.

The Retiolitinae (Axonophora, Graptoloidea) experienced a dramatic extinction during the Homerian (Wenlock, Silurian) Cyrtograptus lundgreni extinction event. It resulted in a re-organization and re-construction of the surviving retiolitine graptoloids as demonstrated by the apparent survival of only the genera Gothograptus and Semigothograptus across this interval. The tubarium construction of Gothograptus is expressed through the merging of the lateral thecal walls with the ancora sleeve walls. The nema is incorporated into the obverse ancora sleeve and connected by horizontal connecting lists. This type of construction is unknown from any other retiolitine taxon. Gothograptus (upper Sheinwoodian to upper Homerian, Wenlock, Silurian) thus, is constructionally isolated from all other pre- and post-extinction Retiolitinae and is unlikely to show closer relationships to the Neogothograptus and Holoretiolites clade. Semigothograptus shows the preservation of the ancora sleeve walls with distinct subhorizontal parietal lists on both sides. It has a free nema and lacks indications of lateral thecal walls. The genus is constructionally similar to most post-extinction taxa, but also to the pre-extinction Sokolovograptus. A differentiation into two groups of retiolitines with pustulose ornamentation of their cortical bandages can be seen in the development of the seams indicating thecal and ancora sleeve membranes on either the outside or the inside of the tubaria. All taxa with outside seams disappear in the Cyrtograptus lundgreni extinction event, while only taxa with inside seams survived.

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been one of the primary vehicles through which China exports its infrastructure and developmental standards. China’s expanding ambitions to become an international standard-setter compelled a Japanese response. Shinzo Abe’s government has initiated strategies such as the Partnership for Quality Infrastructure. This paper juxtaposes the Chinese and Japanese approaches to securing their position in the global governance of infrastructure finance, with a particular focus on the high-speed railway industry. It posits that economic statecraft has diffused from Japan to China and then back to Japan. In emulating Chinese economic statecraft, Japan has increased state involvement in infrastructure project exports and centralized authority within the Prime Minister’s Office. The permeation of such statecraft and the apparent escalation of Sino-Japanese competition bear significant consequences for regional trade and developmental cooperation regimes. This heightened competition may initially afford South and Southeast Asian nations a broader choice of service and infrastructure providers. In the long run, if the competition solidifies, secondary states might find themselves compelled to integrate into either China’s hub-and-spoke model or Japan’s reinvigorated production networks. Moreover, such integration could render secondary states dependent on the technology and finance supplied by regional great powers. However, the eventual structure of the region will likely depend on how these two major powers navigate their rivalry. As South and Southeast Asian states and corporations become entwined in both states’ geopolitical and geoeconomic networks, we cannot rule out the evolution of a latticework of intersecting relationships.

Designing efficient, biocompatible radiation-sensitive materials to activate systemic immune responses can maximize tumoricidal effects against malignant tumors. Here, inspired by natural Mn-peroxidase, we propose the de novo design of the RuMn-oxygen complex (MnBTC-Ru) for biocatalytic and radiosensitization therapies to eradicate primary and metastatic tumors. Our results reveal that Mn-organic ligands can enhance the electron density of Ru clusters, thereby optimizing their binding to oxygen species and resulting in high reactive oxygen species and oxygen generation. Accordingly, MnBTC-Ru with radiation can enhance cell membrane and DNA damage, triggering apoptosis though oxidative damage, heightening radiosensitization, and activating CD8 + T cells. When combined with anti-PD-1 therapy, this synergistic approach generates robust systemic antitumor responses in female mice, promoting the abscopal effect and establishing enduring immune memory against tumors, thereby reducing recurrence and metastasis. This design presents superior biocatalytic and radiosensitizing properties, which may provide promising and practical bio-nanotechnology for future treatments on eradicating primary and metastatic tumors.

Introduction: The internet is a popular source of health information including images of disease manifestations. Online photographs of skin lesions may aid patients in identifying their disease, if these pictures are of good quality and of the disease they claim to show. If not, patients may be at risk of delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suboptimal treatment. For urticaria, the mismatch rate and quality of online pictures are unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the content and quality of online images of urticaria. Methods: The search term "urticaria" was applied to Google Images and Shutterstock. The top 100 photographs from each search engine were retrieved on October 9th, 2022. Illustrations, drawings, and heavily edited photographs were excluded. Each image was evaluated for patient characteristics, characteristics of urticarial lesions, and image quality. Results: Across 194 unique images of urticaria (after removing duplicates), 35 (18.0%) did not depict urticarial lesions, and 38 (19.6%) were ambiguous. Less than two-thirds of images 121 (62.4%) showed bona fide urticarial lesions. Pictures of urticarial lesions under-represented children and did not reflect female preponderance of the disease. Images predominantly depicted urticaria lesions on Caucasian skin (59.8%) and were typical of spontaneous rather than inducible urticaria. Only 3 (1.5%) pictures showed angioedema, a common clinical sign in patients with urticaria. The overall quality of online urticaria pictures was mostly good or very good. Conclusion: Physicians and patients should be aware that one in five online pictures of urticaria does not show urticarial skin lesions, and children, females, non-Caucasian patients, inducible urticaria, and angioedema are under-represented. These findings should prompt efforts to improve the accuracy and representativeness of online urticaria pictures.

Introduction: BMI or BMI-standardized deviation score (SDS) in children and adolescents is still the standard for weight classification. [BMJ. 2019;366:4293] developed a formula to calculate body fat percentage (%BF) based on age, sex, height, weight, and ethnicity. Using data from the German/Austrian APV registry, we investigated whether the calculated %BF is superior to BMI-SDS in predicting arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and impaired glucose metabolism. Methods: 94,586 children and adolescents were included (12.5 years, 48.3% male). Parental birth country (BC) was used to depict ethnicity (15.8% migration background); 95.67% were assigned to the ethnicity "white." %BF was calculated based on the Hudda formula. The relationship between BMI-SDS or %BF quartiles and outcome variables was investigated by logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and migration background. Vuong test was applied to analyse predictive power. Results: 58.4% had arterial hypertension, 33.5% had dyslipidaemia, and 11.6% had impaired glucose metabolism. Boys were significantly more often affected, although girls had higher calculated %BF (each p < 0.05). After adjustment, both models revealed significant differences between the quartiles (all p < 0.001). The predictive power of BMI-SDS was superior to %BF for all three comorbidities (all p < 0.05). Discussion: The prediction of cardiometabolic comorbidities by calculated %BF was not superior to BMI-SDS. This formula developed in a British population may not be suitable for a central European population, which is applicable to this possibly less heterogeneous collective. Additional parameters, especially puberty status, should be taken into account. However, objective determinations such as bioimpedance analysis may possibly be superior to assess fat mass and cardiometabolic risk than calculated %BF.

Authoritarian leaders around the world have recognized that citizen engagement is a core element of successful environmental governance. Faced with a massive environmental crisis, also authoritarian China is mobilizing its citizens to address its ecological problems. However, taking a functional approach to public participation, the Chinese party-state like other authoritarian regimes attempts to channel citizen action into institutional pathways and away from more contentious extra-institutional ones. Little research has investigated citizens’ reactions to such attempts. This paper analyses citizen participation between institutional and extra-institutional venues at the case of Chinese environmental governance. It finds that Chinese citizens use a mix of both channel types, but are overall more drawn to extra-institutional channels despite the risks. Moreover, our findings point to different motivations for the use of venues: personal grievances are more linked with the use of institutional channels, broader environmental concerns with extra-institutional ones. This shows, first, that channeling attempts have not yet been successful in crowding out noninstitutional channels. And second, that citizens seem to attach different meanings to the different channel types. This will make it hard for the Chinese and other authoritarian regimes to phase out extra-institutional action without severe losses for the effectiveness of environmental governance.

The second half of the first millennium ce in Central and Eastern Europe was accompanied by fundamental cultural and political transformations. This period of change is commonly associated with the appearance of the Slavs, which is supported by textual evidence1,2 and coincides with the emergence of similar archaeological horizons3,4,5,6. However, so far there has been no consensus on whether this archaeological horizon spread by migration, Slavicisation or a combination of both. Genetic data remain sparse, especially owing to the widespread practice of cremation in the early phase of the Slavic settlement. Here we present genome-wide data from 555 ancient individuals, including 359 samples from Slavic contexts from as early as the seventh century ce. Our data demonstrate large-scale population movement from Eastern Europe during the sixth to eighth centuries, replacing more than 80% of the local gene pool in Eastern Germany, Poland and Croatia. Yet, we also show substantial regional heterogeneity as well as a lack of sex-biased admixture, indicating varying degrees of cultural assimilation of the autochthonous populations. Comparing archaeological and genetic evidence, we find that the change in ancestry in Eastern Germany coincided with a change in social organization, characterized by an intensification of inter- and intra-site genetic relatedness and patrilocality. On the European scale, it appears plausible that the changes in material culture and language between the sixth and eighth centuries were connected to these large-scale population movements.

The guts of animals and humans harbor diverse microbial communities that are regularly exposed to bacteria originating from food, water, and their surroundings. Species such as Escherichia coli are adept at colonizing multiple hosts, along with surviving in the environment. By encoding pathogenic traits and transmissible forms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), E. coli can also pose a zoonotic risk. Our understanding of the factors that govern host residency is limited. Here, we used a chicken cecal fermentation model to study survival and the AMR transfer potential of 17 host-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates. Vessels containing chicken cecal contents were stabilized for 4 days before the addition of a cocktail comprising ESBL-producing E. coli obtained from human, cattle, pig, and chicken hosts. Consecutive sampling showed that pig and cattle-associated isolates persisted in most vessels, although the recovery of all isolates declined over time. Increasing the inoculum dose or adding ceftiofur helped to stabilize populations of ESBL E. coli within the vessels, although this did not result in outgrowth of resistant populations in all vessels. Sequencing revealed that most new ESBL-producing E. coli recovered during the study acquired a blaCTX-M-1 plasmid from a single ESBL E. coli included in the cocktail that lacked host-specific traits (generalist). Our data highlight that isolate-specific differences in the E. coli genome composition likely explain the persistence of specific clones and efficiency of plasmid transfer, both of which could impact the spread of AMR in complex communities.

The deep recycling of surface material into Earth’s mantle is an integral process governing global water and fluid-mobile element cycles. This recycling is largely predicated on subduction operating efficiently, which may not apply for the first two billion years of Earth’s history. Tracing the initiation and evolution of the modern deep fluid-mobile element cycle requires determining when the mantle first became modified by subducted surface-derived materials on a global scale. The B isotope system provides a unique geochemical parameter to test for early signatures of such recycling, given that B is enriched and isotopically fractionated at Earth’s surface, depleted in the mantle, and mobilized by fluids and fluid-rock interaction. In this study, B isotopes of granitoids from seven Archean cratons are analyzed to trace the early signatures of recycling of surface-altered materials. When filtered for alteration and (post-)magmatic B modification, the B isotope compositions of the sample set show substantial variation. The range exhibited by sanukitoids (−8.9 ‰ to −1.6 ‰, mean: −4.7 ‰, n = 5) overlaps with other granitoids (−15.8 ‰ to +8.0 ‰, mean: −8.6 ‰, n = 30), but the average B isotope composition of sanukitoids is higher than other granitoids. The granitoids reveal a temporal diversification towards, on average, higher 11B/10B values from the Neoarchean onward. The heavier B isotope values reflect the recycling of surface-derived B into the melt source along a geotherm that was cold enough to prevent total loss of B through dehydration reactions, consistent with a cold-subduction geotherm. The B data thus indicate that the subduction-driven recycling of surface-derived materials into the mantle became more prevalent since the Neoarchean, marking this era as the likely starting point for the modern deep fluid-mobile element and water cycle.

The persistence of local populations exposed to climate change depends on their adaptive potential and on the ability of local individuals to compete with migrating conspecifics tracking environmental shifts. Modern coexistence theory (MCT) offers a framework for studying such competitive interactions among genotypes. However, MCT often focuses on emerging population-level outcomes, aggregating over the underlying individual-level interactions. We present a cross-scale application of MCT, combining it with an Integral Projection Model (IPM), explicitly connecting individual performance to population-level dynamics. We parameterise our model using experimental data on competing Daphnia genotypes from two latitudes. Consistent with observations, our model shows that higher temperatures increase the likelihood of competitive exclusion of Northern genotypes by Southern genotypes. Moreover, it reveals latitudinal variation in neonate sex ratios as a driver of temperature-dependent evolutionary shifts. By identifying vital rates underlying population-level competitive outcomes, our approach preserves the straightforward theoretical interpretability of MCT, while providing enhanced process-level resolution through IPMs.

Rabies is a prioritized zoonotic disease and significant public health threat in Uganda. Despite Uganda's commitment to the global “Zero-by-30” goal and a validated National Rabies Elimination Strategy (NRES), implementation has been hindered by fragmented surveillance, limited intersectoral coordination, and lack of operationalization of control plans. To address these challenges, a participatory multisectoral workshop was conducted by the Schnell Einsetzbare Expertengruppe Gesundheit and eRabies project team, in collaboration with Makerere University, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), and the Ministry of Health (MOH). The workshop brought together 49 participants from national, subnational, and international institutions to strengthen intersectoral cooperation, assess NRES implementation, and define next immediate steps for rabies control. The primary output was a structured SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of NRES implementation, across four thematic areas: Governance, Coordination, and Risk Communication; Rabies Prevention and Control; Field and Laboratory Surveillance and Data Management, and Training and Operational Research. Insights from the SWOT analysis informed a one-year log frame outlining 10 prioritized objectives and 26 targeted activities, each linked to success indicators and timelines. Early follow-up actions included piloting a digital application for integrated bite case management in four selected districts, specialized rabies diagnostic training, a national rabies research scoping review, and targeted mass dog vaccination campaigns. Despite these advancements, broader implementation of the plan remains inconsistent. Over a year later, activities such as vaccination coverage assessment, post-exposure prophylaxis procurement and distribution, and sustained community engagement have not progressed beyond planning or lack documentation. Sustained political commitment, dedicated financing, and strengthened coordination at both national and subnational levels are critical to overcome existing challenges and ensure initial momentum translates into lasting impact. The workshop outputs offer a practical, stakeholder-driven framework to guide national priorities, aligned with the NRES and goal of rabies elimination in Uganda.

When speakers of different languages are in contact, they often borrow features like sounds, words, or syntactic patterns from one language to the other. However, the lack of historical data has hampered estimation of this effect at a global scale. We overcome this hurdle by using genetic admixture and shared geohistorical location as a proxy for population contact. We find that language pairs whose speaker populations underwent genetic admixture or that are located in the same geohistorical area exhibit notable similar increases in shared linguistic patterns across world regions and different demographic relationships, suggesting a consistent trend in borrowing rates. At the same time, the effect varies strongly across specific linguistic features. This variation is only partly explained by cognitive differences in lifelong learnability and by social functions of signaling assimilation through borrowing, leaving much randomness in which specific features are borrowed. Additionally, we find that, for some features, admixture decreases sharing, likely reflecting signals of divergence (schismogenesis) under contact.

Subduction megathrusts release stress not only seismically through earthquakes, but also through creep and transient slow deformation, called slow slip events (SSEs). Understanding the interplay between fast and slow slip is essential for illuminating the deformation processes on the subduction interface. The Chilean subduction margin, while one of the most seismically active regions worldwide, has few reports of SSEs. Furthermore, there are no comprehensive reports of tectonic tremors or low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs), seismic signals typically accompanying SSEs, tracking deformation at small spatial and temporal scales. Here, we perform a systematic search for tectonic tremors and LFEs in the Atacama segment in Northern Chile, a region hosting both shallow and deep SSEs. Using dense seismic networks, we investigate 3.3 years between November 2020 and February 2024. Due to the network geometry, we focus on deep tremor and LFEs. We apply two complementary methods, envelope correlation for tremor search and deep learning detection for LFEs, to generate initial catalogs. To validate the potential detections, we use clustering, matched filtering, heuristics, and extensive manual inspection. While our initial search provides numerous candidates, after verification, we find no evidence for tectonic tremor or LFEs in the region. In contrast, our approaches successfully recover tremors and LFEs in two reference regions outside Chile with known tremor and LFE activity. Our observations show that tremors and LFEs in Northern Chile are either of lower moment rate than in other regions, have substantially longer recurrence rates, or are absent altogether, potentially due to the cold subduction.

Terahertz polarizers are needed for advanced spectroscopic systems, but they have drawbacks such as low transmission, short bandwidths, and low extinction ratios. A method for the development of ultrabroadband THz polarizers based on the nanoimprint lithography technique is reported here, in which high performance is achieved for a double-wire-grid polarizer (DWGP) structures on cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrates. Over the 0.1–25 THz frequency range, the polymer DWGPs exhibited more than twice the TM-polarized transmittance of their silicon-based counterparts. The degree of polarization was greater than 98% in the 0.1–16 THz range, and the extinction ratio was greater than 65.4 dB at 4.2 THz. THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were also employed to characterize the optical properties of materials over the frequency ranges of 0.1–40 THz and 0.9–20 THz, respectively. The nanofabricated polymer DWGP showed better optical properties than the Si DWGP in terms of enhanced TM transmittance and reduced TE leakage. In addition, the prepared COC polarizers exhibited cost-effectiveness, scalability, and durability and can be considered environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional Si-based polarizers. This study opens up the possibility of using polymer-based DWGPs as important high-performance components in THz imaging and sensing applications and in wireless communication systems.

The Bahariya Formation of the northern Western Desert, Egypt, is well-known for its plentiful and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblages, especially dinosaurs, and also eminent for its rich fossil macroflora. Unraveling the taxonomic and climatic inferences of this macroflora will undoubtedly provide essential insights into reconstructing this significant ecosystem and understanding plant life in the region during the early Cenomanian period. In this study, a taxonomic revision of the recovered fossil leaves, a crucial aspect of our research, enables the identification of fourteen morphotypes closely resembling those recently recovered from adjacent profiles of the Bahariya Formation. This taxonomic revision significantly contributes to our understanding of the Cenomanian floras from Egypt and their Neo-Tethys counterparts. The results from the current macrofloral record largely confirm previous data regarding the same ancient vegetation preserved in the palynological record. Moreover, sedimentological investigations, including petrography and X-ray diffraction of rock samples from the type section of the Bahariya Formation in the Gebel El Dist profile, a section closely similar to the location where the leaf fossils were recovered—play a crucial role in supporting climatic models, thereby providing reassurance and confidence in the research findings.

Objective

Despite evidence-based interventions for psychiatric disorders that often precede suicidality, suicide remains a leading cause of death among youth. There has been increased interest in whether preventive interventions targeting early risk factors lead to decreased distal risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). This study examined the impact of Coping Power (CP), a school-based preventive intervention targeting externalizing problems, on STBs.

Method

The sample included 3,182 youths (36.4% female; 77.3% Black) who participated in 1 of 11 randomized controlled trials of CP. Individual-level data across trials were harmonized using integrative data analysis to address cross-study variation in measurement of STBs. The study used meta-analysis of individual participant data for modeling cross-study variation in intervention effects and propensity score weighting for addressing covariate imbalance arising from combining intervention arms across studies. Hypothesis tests were conducted for parent- and teacher-reported STBs under propensity score–weighted multilevel modeling.

Results

Compared with school as usual, youth participating in mindfulness-enhanced CP demonstrated significant decreases in parent-reported STBs over time (b = −.08 [.02], p < .001; after 1 year: d = −0.13; after 2 years: d = −0.25), and youth participating in Internet-enhanced CP demonstrated significant decreases in teacher-reported STBs over time (b = −.08 [.03], p = .003; after 1 year: d = −0.20; after 2 years: d = −0.40). Inconsistent results for standard CP and individual CP in sensitivity analyses preclude clear conclusions for these 2 intervention formats.

Conclusion

Synthesis of the reported findings highlights the promise of digital health and mindfulness-based interventions for youth with externalizing problems in reducing STBs. Additional research is needed to better understand the nature of for whom, how, and under what conditions preventive interventions impact later STBs.

Previous studies have applied a variable-centered approach to conduct extensive investigations of preservice early childhood teachers’ (PECTs’) epistemic beliefs in the domain of mathematics (application-related beliefs, process-related beliefs, static orientation), enjoyment of mathematics, mathematics anxiety, mathematical content knowledge, and mathematics pedagogical content knowledge. However, person-centered approaches, which have been fruitfully applied to other constructs and domains concerning pre- and inservice teachers, have not yet been applied to the aforementioned constructs. We addressed this research gap by investigating relationships between mathematics-related beliefs, emotions, and knowledge in terms of the well-established control-value theory in combination with a mixture distribution path analysis. About 1,851 PECTs took part in the study. Participants worked on tests and questionnaires during regular class time in teacher education. The results yielded two latent classes with structural differences in the coefficients of the path model, which we termed the application and static learning classes. In Class 1, higher levels of application-related beliefs were in line with lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of knowledge. In Class 2, higher levels of static orientation were in line with lower levels of enjoyment and higher levels of anxiety and knowledge. These novel results indicate two pathways for learning, with implications for research and practice. For research, the results are interesting with regard to static orientation and show the need for further research. For practice, they indicate the need to respect individual differences even during teacher education.