Background Disruption of glucocorticoid (GC) signaling in osteoblasts results in a marked attenuation of acute antibody-induced arthritis. The role of endogenous GCs in chronic inflammatory arthritis is however not fully understood. Here, we investigated the impact of endogenous GC signaling in osteoblasts on inflammation and bone integrity under chronic inflammatory arthritis by inactivating osteoblastic GC signaling in a long-term K/BxN serum transfer-induced induced arthritis (STIA) model. Methods Intracellular GC signaling in osteoblasts was disrupted by transgenic (tg) overexpression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11ss-HSD2). Inflammatory arthritis was induced in 5-week-old male tg mice and their wild type (WT) littermates by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of K/BxN serum while controls (CTRLs) received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In a first cohort, K/BxN STIA was allowed to abate until the endpoint of 42 days (STIA). To mimic rheumatic flares, a second cohort was additionally injected on days 14 and 28 with K/BxN serum (STIA (boost)). Arthritis severity was assessed daily by clinical scoring and ankle size measurements. Ankle joints were assessed histopathologically. Systemic effects of inflammation on long bone metabolism were analyzed in proximal tibiae by micro-computed tomography (& mu;CT) and histomorphometry. Results Acute arthritis developed in both tg and WT mice (STIA and STIA (boost)) and peaked around day 8. While WT STIA and tg STIA mice showed a steady decline of inflammation until day 42, WT STIA (boost) and tg STIA (boost) mice exhibited an arthritic phenotype over a period of 42 days. Clinical arthritis severity did not differ significantly between WT and tg mice, neither in the STIA nor in the STIA (boost) cohorts. Correspondingly, histological indices of inflammation, cartilage damage, and bone erosion showed no significant difference between WT and tg mice on day 42. Histomorphometry revealed an increased bone turnover in tg CTRL and tg STIA (boost) compared to WT CTRL and WT STIA (boost) animals, respectively. Conclusions In contrast to the previously reported modulating effects of endogenous GC signaling in osteoblasts during acute K/BxN STIA, this effect seems to perish during the chronic inflammatory and resolution phase. These findings indicate that endogenous GC signaling in osteoblasts may mainly be relevant during acute and subacute inflammatory processes.
