1. Drought causes soil feedback effects on plant performance. However, how the linkages between conditioned soil biota and root traits contribute to explain plant–soil feedback (PSF) as a function of drought is unknown. 2. We utilized soil inoculum from a conditioning experiment where grassland species grew under well-watered and drought conditions, and their soil fungi were analyzed. Under well-watered conditions, we grew 21 grassland species with those inocula from either conspecific or heterospecific soils. At harvest, plant biomass and root traits were measured. 3. Negative PSF (higher biomass in heterospecific than in conspecific soils) was predominant, and favored in drought-conditioned soils. Previous drought affected the relationship between root traits and fungal groups. Specific root surface area (SRSA) was higher in heterospecific than in conspecific droughted soils and was linked to an increase in saprotroph richness. Overall, root diameter was higher in conspecific soils and was linked to mutualist and pathogen composition, whereas the decrease of root : shoot in heterospecific soils was linked to pathogenic fungi. 4. Drought legacy affects biomass and root morphological traits via conditioned soil biota, even after the drought conditions have disappeared. This provides new insights into the role that soil biota have modulating PSF responses to drought.
