The present study aims to provide a thorough analysis of the graffiti identified within and in the surroundings of the church of the monastic complex of Saint Kyriakos at Oxyrhynchus, Egypt. A heterogeneous corpus of epigraphic evidence is examined, counting lists of personal names and commemorative texts. These texts provide valuable insights into writing and cultic practices within this religious institution in the Byzantine phase. Particular attention is devoted to the analysis of writing techniques and the tools selected for the production of these graffiti, as well as to the identification of their potential authors, suggesting the active participation of members of the monastic community as well as devotees visiting the religious complex. In addition, the study examines some examples of multigraphic graffiti, in which textual and figurative elements are combined, among which are Christian religious markers and motifs recurrent in the Egyptian iconographic tradition.

Background

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL E. coli) from broiler chicken production pose potential public health risks via multiple environmental and foodborne pathways. We developed a modular quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model linking four components, namely farm, soil, river, and lettuce consumption, to predict human environmental exposure to ESBL E. coli originating from broiler flocks.

Methods

A stochastic farm module simulated broiler colonization over a 36-day cycle and generated end-cycle litter loads. Field modules represented first-order decay, partitioning, and runoff to rivers; irrigation transfer yielded lettuce contamination for a 100 g serving. We estimated exposure, mapped gastrointestinal colonization to urinary tract infection (UTI) via conditional probabilities, and expressed the burden as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per serving. Global sensitivity analyses identified main exposure drivers. Environmental time was indexed as days since litter application and the planting interval denoted days from litter application to planting.

Results

The farm model produced mean end-cycle litter of 1.6 × 104 CFU/g and near-complete flock colonization within one week. Soil surface loads declined from 3.2 × 107 CFU/m2 to 8.6 × 105 CFU/m2 by day 100. Runoff yielded river concentrations of 6.0 × 10−2 CFU/mL after 10 days. Exposure from lettuce consumption ranged from 1.7 CFU/100 g to 7.6 × 10−3 CFU/100 g; simple household washing cut exposure by ∼90 %. Global sensitivity analysis identified soil-water partitioning and decay rates as the most important parameters of exposure variability. For health endpoints, UTI risk per serving ranged from 4.6 × 10−12 to 9.0 × 10−9, and DALY per serving ranged between 10−10 and 10−8.

Conclusions

Predicted health burdens decreased markedly with consumer washing and longer intervals between litter application and lettuce planting. Residual contamination persists, indicating value in evaluating the effectiveness of manure treatments and irrigation-water quality interventions on reducing environmental loads and human risk.

How do far-right actors influence mainstream parties over time? Previous research shows that mainstream parties contribute to the electoral success of far-right parties through coalitions or policy alliances. However, a long-term perspective on the influence of far-right actors, including parties, civil society organisations, and social movements, on mainstream parties’ communication is lacking. This article investigates how far-right actors and issues have influenced mainstream parties’ communication in Germany since the 1990s. Using automated text analysis, we analyse 520,408 articles from six newspapers. First, we semi-automatically collect far-right actors and mainstream parties and implement a structural topic model to analyse their issue agendas. Second, we use time-series analysis to examine agenda-setting effects and their drivers. The results show that far-right influence on mainstream parties’ communication has increased, particularly among opposition parties and around issues of Islam and migration. Notably, the agenda-setting effect cuts across party ideologies, indicating mainstream parties’ impact on the rise of the far right in democracies.

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models offer a useful platform to integrate drug pharmacology with knowledge about biological mechanisms across multiple scales and data sources into a unified quantitative framework. This makes them invaluable to address many relevant questions in drug research and development. Despite their potential, however, QSP models are seldom employed in the population analysis context due to their complexity and dimensionality. Model order reduction (MOR) techniques can be used to tackle this challenge. However, a single MOR technique might not be sufficient to achieve an applicable reduced model. Furthermore, to date there is no tool to judge whether the reduced model retains important mechanistic features of the original model. In this tutorial, we present a workflow employing index analysis that guides the selection and combination of MOR techniques and includes a check of the preservation of important mechanistic features by the reduced model. To demonstrate the value of the proposed approach, we first explain the concepts in the context of a small-scale example model and then expand to a well-known large-scale QSP model—the blood coagulation model.

Constructing datasets on past biodiversity from historical sources is crucial for understanding long-term ecological changes. Typically, compiling such datasets relies on prior knowledge of the sources’ composition and requires considerable manual effort. To overcome these challenges, we implement an automated approach based on prompted large language models (LLMs) to detect mentions of species in texts from 19th-century Württemberg and link these mentions to identifiers in the GBIF database. Based on our evaluation, we find that LLMs can reliably identify species in the texts with high recall (92.6%) and precision (95.3%), while providing estimates of the correct species identifier with considerable accuracy (83.0%). As our approach is easily scalable and adaptable to other contexts and languages, it offers a promising way to advance dataset generation from historical material using limited resources.

The relative twist angle between layers of near-lattice-matched van der Waals materials is critical for the emergent phenomena associated with moiré flat bands1,2,3. However, the concept of angle rotation control is not exclusive to moiré superlattices in which electrons directly experience a twist-angle-dependent periodic potential. Instead, it can also be used to induce programmable symmetry-breaking perturbations with the goal of stabilizing desired correlated states. Here we experimentally demonstrate ‘moiréless’ twist-tuning of superconductivity together with other correlated orders in Bernal bilayer graphene proximitized by tungsten diselenide. The precise alignment between the two materials systematically controls the strength of induced Ising spin–orbit coupling (SOC), profoundly altering the phase diagram. As Ising SOC is increased, superconductivity onsets at a higher displacement field and features a higher critical temperature, reaching up to 0.5 K. Within the main superconducting dome and in the strong Ising SOC limit, we find an unusual phase transition characterized by a nematic redistribution of holes among trigonally warped Fermi pockets and enhanced resilience to in-plane magnetic fields. The superconducting behaviour is theoretically compatible with the prominent role of interband interactions between symmetry-breaking Fermi pockets. Moreover, we identify two additional superconducting regions, one of which descends from an inter-valley coherent normal state and shows a Pauli-limit violation ratio exceeding 40, among the highest for all known superconductors4,5,6,7. Our results provide insights into ultraclean graphene superconductors and underscore the potential of utilizing moiréless-twist engineering across a wide range of van der Waals heterostructures.

Proteins often exhibit subdiffusive configurational dynamics, the origins of which are still unresolved. We investigate the impact of non-Markovian friction and the free-energy landscape on the dynamics of fast-folding proteins in terms of the mean squared displacement (MSD) and the mean first-passage-time (MFPT) of the folding reaction coordinate. We find the friction memory kernel from published molecular dynamics simulations to be well-described by a hierarchical multiexponential function, which gives rise to subdiffusion in the MSD for times shorter than the longest memory time, while for longer times the confining free-energy landscape produces subdiffusion. Thus, for a wide range of times, friction memory effects in fast-folding proteins dominate the scaling behavior of the MSD compared to effects due to the folding free-energy landscape. As a consequence, Markovian models are insufficient to fully capture the folding dynamics, as quantified by the MSD and the MFPT, even when including coordinate-dependent friction. Our results demonstrate the importance of memory effects in protein folding and conformational dynamics and explicitly show that subdiffusion in fast-folding protein dynamics originates mainly from memory effects, not from the free-energy landscape and not from coordinate-dependent friction.

Vibrio (V.) parahaemolyticus is a leading seafood-borne human pathogen frequently detected in shellfish. While accumulation and depuration dynamics have been extensively studied in oysters, comparable data for blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are limited. This study investigated the accumulation and depuration of two V. parahaemolyticus strains (clinical and environmental) and virulence genotype (tdh+ vs. trh+) under controlled closed laboratory conditions. For the accumulation trials, mussels were exposed to 104 to 107 CFU V. parahaemolyticus/mL for 48 h. Depuration trials were conducted for 72h after 18 h exposure to 105 or 107 CFU/mL. Accumulation in mussel tissue was significantly affected by dose (F = 23.24, p < 0.001) and exposure time (F = 9.39, p < 0.001), while no strain effect was detected (F = 1.01, p = 0.315). Tissue concentrations of approximately 3–4 log10 MPN/g were already detected within 5 min after exposure. Comparable final tissue concentrations of approximately 4–5 log10 MPN/g were observed for both strains after 48 h. In contrast, depuration differed markedly between strains. The RIMD strain (tdh+) declined to below the detection limit (LOD) when exposed to 105 CFU/mL but remained detectable at 107 CFU/mL, while the VPILSH strain (trh+) remained detectable after 72 h of depuration at both exposure levels. Depuration in mussel tissue was significantly affected by strain (F = 82.67, p < 0.001) and dose (F = 110.18, p < 0.001), while time was not significant (F = 0.39, p = 0.81). These findings reveal dose- and time-dependent accumulation but strain-dependent depuration, highlighting enhanced persistence of the environmental VPILSH strain in blue mussels.

Via the spin-Hall effect and its inverse, in-plane charge currents in a ferromagnet–normal metal (F|N) bilayer can be used to excite and detect magnetization dynamics in F. Using a magneto-electric circuit approach, we here consider the current response to quadratic order in the applied electric field, which is resonantly enhanced for driving frequencies close to frequencies of coherent magnetization modes. Our theory can be applied to bilayers with a magnetic insulator or with a magnetic metal. It focuses on the contribution of coherent magnetization dynamics to spin currents collinear with the equilibrium magnetization direction, but also takes into account relaxation of spin accumulation via spin currents carried by incoherent magnons and conduction electrons in F.

Studies on the reactions between neighbors and rearrangements occurring in noble gas matrices in the same matrix cage at temperatures of a few kelvins may improve our understanding of intermolecular interactions, quantum-mechanical tunneling, and the effect of a medium on low-temperature processes. Here, we present experimental evidence of the rearrangement of HCCF⋯HF complexes taking place in solid Ar at 5.5 K. The complexes were obtained by 193 nm photolysis of CF2CH2 matrix-isolated precursors and characterized on the basis of CCSD(T) computations and available literature data. The absorption bands, which remain virtually unchanged during the argon matrix standing in the dark at 5.5 K after photolysis (set III), were attributed to the T-shaped HCCF⋯HF complex (π-complex), while those observed to increase (set I) were assigned to the “hockey-stick”-shaped FCCH⋯FH complex (FH-complex). The decrease in another group of absorption bands (set II) was found to negatively correlate with the growth of I, indicating II → I rearrangement. The speed of the process is roughly the same in the 5.5–6.5 K region and dramatically increases at higher temperatures. Set II was attributed to the L-shaped complex of the FCCH⋯FH geometry stabilized by a matrix (outlined here as point L). No similar transformations were observed in solid Ne, Kr, and Xe, making this process a remarkable example of a matrix-specific rearrangement.

Within Abdulrazak Gurnah’s oeuvre, Afterlives is notable for its close attention to the impact of German colonialism in East Africa. Covering a period of roughly 70 years, from about 1900 to the 1970s, and moving between East Africa and Germany it explores some of the historical depth and cultural entanglements that shaped a culturally diverse region. This paper suggests that Afterlives can be seen as a commemorative event in its own right, one that effectively uses the outpouring of memories of World War I in particular as an effective foil to present, reconfigure, and connect different traumatic histories. Drawing on Michael Rothberg’s concept of multidirectional memory it argues that the novel complicates hegemonic Western accounts by making four strands of traumatic memories, in Rothberg’s words, “bump up” against each other (2009, 2): memories of the two World Wars, memories of (especially German) colonialism, memories of slavery and indentured labour, and, less predictably, memories of the Holocaust. It is arguably the consistency with which these traumatic histories have been kept separate in dominant accounts that renders Gurnah’s retelling so compelling.

A clean interface between two Weyl semimetals features a universal, field-linear tunnel magnetoconductance of (𝑒2/ℎ)⁢𝑁ho per magnetic flux quantum, where 𝑁ho is the number of chirality-preserving topological interface Fermi arcs. In this work we show that the linearity of the magnetoconductance is robust with respect to interface disorder. The slope of the magnetoconductance changes at a characteristic field strength 𝐵arc—the field strength for which the time taken to traverse the Fermi arc due to the Lorentz force is equal to the mean inter-arc scattering time. For fields much larger than 𝐵arc, the magnetoconductance is unaffected by disorder. For fields much smaller than 𝐵arc, the slope is no longer determined by 𝑁ho but by the simple fraction 𝑁L⁢𝑁R/(𝑁L+𝑁R), where 𝑁L and 𝑁R are the numbers of Weyl-node pairs in the left and right Weyl semimetal, respectively. We also consider the effect of spatially correlated disorder potentials, where we find that 𝐵arc decreases exponentially with increasing correlation length. Our results provide a possible explanation for the recently observed robustness of the negative linear magnetoresistance in grained Weyl semimetals.

Three aspects linked to the circumstances of Adolph Schlagintweit’s travel to Kashgar are contextualised with the Great Game and Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia. First, Chokan Valikhanov’s friendship with the eminent explorer Pyotr Semenov sheds light on the linkage between Russian and German geographers. Second, the acquaintance between explorers in Russian services and the Schlagintweit brothers in their quest for reaching the Tien Shan Mountains. Third, the news of Adolph Schlagintweit’s execution on August 26, 1857, their reception in St. Petersburg and thirty years between his murder and the consecration and inauguration of the memorial dedicated to him.

Invalid votes are increasingly salient and politicised given close election outcomes and increasingly fractured party landscapes, yet relatively understudied. While existing studies have emphasised socio-economic, institutional and discontent explanations, they have largely ignored the urban geography of invalid voting. Drawing on IRB (“Inner City Spatial Monitoring Program”) and unique self-collected data in up to 1482 neighbourhoods in 37 German cities in federal elections (2002–2025), we find that invalid votes are quite stable in cities’ neighbourhoods over time and more segregated across neighbourhoods than any other political variable. They occur most in neighbourhoods with higher vote shares for the SPD, CDU, Die Linke, and the AfD and correlate least with the Greens, FDP, votes for other parties, and high turnover. Multi-variate analysis confirms positive associations with peripheral left-behind neighbourhoods with high unemployment and share of foreigners in rich but unequal cities. Rather than social neighbourhood capital (residency duration, family households, population turnover), we find political capital proxied by the presence of party offices in neighbourhoods to account for fewer invalid votes, underlining that local presence of party structures matters. Our exploratory (non-representative) qualitative inquiry with the parties themselves tentatively supports our hypothesised mechanism whereby socio-economically left-behind neighbourhoods are also ‘left-behind’ by organised political parties. This results in lower political capital and greater political disengagement, which drives invalid voting. Theoretically, we argue for taking urban political sociology more seriously in the study of spoilt voting.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is still one of the most prevalent and debated neurodevelopmental conditions worldwide. Despite decades of empirical investigation, dominant models—largely centered on behavioral symptoms and localized cognitive deficits, struggle to account for heterogeneity, context sensitivity, fatigue dependence, and developmental variability observed across individuals. What remains insufficiently articulated is how systemic constraints on neural energy regulation may organize these features upstream of observable behavior. Here, we introduce Energy Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (EDHD) as a deliberately bounded, hypothesis-generating neuro-energetic framework that reframes ADHD-related phenomena as expressions of constrained neural energy allocation rather than intrinsic executive dysfunction. EDHD is explicitly presented as a theoretical framework, not a diagnostic category or clinical tool. The central objective is to address a conceptual gap by integrating evidence from mitochondrial biology, ATP dynamics, neuroimmune signaling, oscillatory regulation, circadian modulation, and dopaminergic function into a systems-level account of executive stability. Within EDHD, executive processes are metabolically contingent and state-dependent, particularly vulnerable within prefrontal networks, while hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and attentional variability are conceptualized as transient, probabilistic compensatory responses to energetic strain rather than primary pathology. Drawing on convergent findings from neuroscience, bioenergetics, computational modeling, and translational case-based synthesis, we outline how neuro-energetic constraints may propagate across cellular, network, and ecological levels to shape cognitive stability, variability, and endurance. This reframing generates empirically tractable and falsifiable hypotheses concerning biomarker-informed stratification, recovery dynamics, and environmentally responsive regulation, while explicitly avoiding claims of causal sufficiency, diagnostic readiness, or clinical prescriptiveness. We argue that advancing this research program requires longitudinal, multimodal investigation of neuro-energetic dynamics, refinement of resource-based computational models, and systematic testing of energy-aligned, context-sensitive hypotheses across developmental and environmental settings. The central implication is that executive function in ADHD-related presentations is conditionally available rather than categorically deficient, emerging or deteriorating as neural energetic capacity dynamically aligns—or fails to align—with cognitive demand.

Trait and team-based approaches to leadership have rarely been integrated, although both are central to leadership research. While trait approaches focus on leader personality and leader behaviors directed at individuals, team-based approaches highlight team processes and leader behaviors directed at teams. We bring together both approaches by drawing on the HEXACO personality framework, narcissism, and the team-based leadership concept of identity leadership. Specifically, we investigate how leader HEXACO personality traits and narcissism relate to follower perception of identity leadership. In a pre-registered study of 113 leader-follower dyads, leader Agreeableness and Emotionality were positively related to follower perception of identity leadership. Findings highlight the value of integrative perspectives on trait and team-based approaches to leadership by demonstrating the relevance of leader personality for follower perception of team-focused leadership.

[FeFe] hydrogenases catalyze the reversible cleavage of H2, a clean fuel, at exceptional rates. Therefore, understanding their catalytic mechanism is of high importance. Here, we employ multiscale UVpump-IRprobe spectroscopy to study the reversible photochemical activation of the CO-inhibited Hox-CO state over picosecond to millisecond time scales. Since this process transforms the catalytic site into the active, H2-binding Hox state, photolysis of Hox-CO represents a unique strategy for studying light-triggered activation and the catalytic cycle of the enzyme with high time resolution. We show that the extrinsic CO of Hox-CO dissociates in picoseconds and remains unbound for up to milliseconds. During this time, the enzyme is available for H2 binding and further catalytic transformations. This time window is sufficiently large to study catalytic processes from the earliest steps to completion of the catalytic cycle. Our approach provides a basis for investigating the catalytic cycle of [FeFe] hydrogenases in real time and without diffusion limitation.

This essay argues that the figure of the dog (Kitmīr/Qitmir) in the Seven Sleepers tradition serves as a test case for poetic and conceptual regimes in early nineteenth- century German reception. Reading Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s West-östlicher Divan and Friedrich Rückert’s Ein Hündlein, das einst Wache that bei Schäfern … (published in the Taschenbuch für Damen, 1822, in the same context that also produced the Östliche Rosen) alongside Qurʾān 18, Ṭabarī, Ṯaʿlabī, Hammer’s versified Qurʾān and Claudius James Rich in Fundgruben des Orients, as well as Gregory of Tours and Jacob of Serugh, the study shows how Goethe aestheticizes and stabilizes doctrinal tensions, whereas Rückert elevates the creature within a mediating, barzakh-like framework. The comparison tracks a shift from ornamental adaptation to transformative re-coding and locates key pressure points in seemingly marginal narrative details. The case sheds light on broader patterns in German engagements with Sufi metaphysics between 1800 and 1850.