Background To assess the role of somatostatin receptor (SR) PET/CT using Ga-68 DOTATOC or DOTATATE in staging and restaging of typical (TC) and atypical (AC) lung carcinoids. Methods Clinical and PET/CT data were retrospectively analyzed in 27 patients referred for staging (N = 5; TC, N = 4; AC, N = 1) or restaging (N = 22; TC, N = 8; AC, N = 14). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of SR-positive lesions was normalized to the SUVmax of the liver to generate SUVratio; SR PET was compared to contrast-enhanced (ce) CT. The classification system proposed by Rindi et al. (Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014;21(1):1-16, 2014) was used for classification of patients in TC and AC groups. Results Only 18/27 patients were found to have metastases on PET/CT. Of the 186 lesions, 101 (54.3 %) were depicted on both PET and CT, 53 (28.5 %) lesions only on CT, and 32 (17.2 %) only on PET. SUVratio of lesions was significantly higher in AC as compared to TC (p < 0.001). In patients referred for restaging, additional findings on PET lead to upstaging with change in management strategy in 5/22 (22.7 %) patients (AC, N = 5; TC, N = 1). In four patients (all AC) referred for restaging and in one patient (TC) referred for staging, additional findings on CT missed on PET lead to correct staging. Conclusions Typical and atypical carcinoid patients have complex patterns of metastases which make it necessary to combine functional SR PET and contrast- enhanced CT for appropriate restaging. In patients referred for restaging SR, PET may have a relevant impact on treatment strategy in up to 22.7 of patients with typical and atypical lung carcinoids.
