https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/17610 2026-04-27T19:32:22Z 2026-04-27T19:32:22Z Nitzke, Jean Hansen-Schirra, Silvia https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/33238 2022-06-10T14:52:32Z 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

A short guide to post-editing Nitzke, Jean; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia Artificial intelligence is changing and will continue to change the world we live in. These changes are also influencing the translation market. Machine translation (MT) systems automatically transfer one language to another within seconds. However, MT systems are very often still not capable of producing perfect translations. To achieve high quality translations, the MT output first has to be corrected by a professional translator. This procedure is called post-editing (PE). PE has become an established task on the professional translation market. The aim of this text book is to provide basic knowledge about the most relevant topics in professional PE. The text book comprises ten chapters on both theoretical and practical aspects including topics like MT approaches and development, guidelines, integration into CAT tools, risks in PE, data security, practical decisions in the PE process, competences for PE, and new job profiles.

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/21822 2020-01-31T16:31:05Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Annotation, exploitation and evaluation of parallel corpora: TC3 I Hansen-Schirra, Silvia; Neumann, Stella; Čulo, Oliver Exchange between the translation studies and the computational linguistics communities has traditionally not been very intense. Among other things, this is reflected by the different views on parallel corpora. While computational linguistics does not always strictly pay attention to the translation direction (e.g. when translation rules are extracted from (sub)corpora which actually only consist of translations), translation studies are amongst other things concerned with exactly comparing source and target texts (e.g. to draw conclusions on interference and standardization effects). However, there has recently been more exchange between the two fields – especially when it comes to the annotation of parallel corpora. This special issue brings together the different research perspectives. Its contributions show – from both perspectives – how the communities have come to interact in recent years.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z Fox, Wendy https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/21853 2020-01-31T16:31:07Z 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z

Can integrated titles improve the viewing experience? Investigating the impact of subtitling on the reception and enjoyment of film using eye tracking and questionnaire data Fox, Wendy Historically a dubbing country, Germany is not well-known for subtitled productions. But while dubbing is predominant in Germany, more and more German viewers prefer original and subtitled versions of their favourite shows and films. Conventional subtitling, however, can be seen as a strong intrusion into the original image that can not only disrupt but also destroy the director’s intended shot composition and focus points. Long eye movements between focus points and subtitles decrease the viewer’s information intake, and especially German audiences, who are often not used to subtitles, seem to prefer to wait for the next subtitle instead of looking back up again. Furthermore, not only the placement, but also the overall design of conventional subtitles can disturb the image composition – for instance titles with a weak contrast, inappropriate typeface or irritating colour system. So should it not, despite the translation process, be possible to preserve both image and sound as far as possible? Especially given today’s numerous artistic and technical possibilities and the huge amount of work that goes into the visual aspects of a film, taking into account not only special effects, but also typefaces, opening credits and text-image compositions. A further development of existing subtitling guidelines would not only express respect towards the original film version but also the translator’s work. The presented study shows how integrated titles can increase information intake while maintaining the intended image composition and focus points as well as the aesthetics of the shot compositions. During a three-stage experiment, the specifically for this purpose created integrated titles in the documentary “Joining the Dots” by director Pablo Romero-Fresco were analysed with the help of eye movement data from more than 45 participants. Titles were placed based on the gaze behaviour of English native speakers and then rated by German viewers dependant on a German translation. The results show that a reduction of the distance between intended focus points and titles allow the viewers more time to explore the image and connect the titles to the plot. The integrated titles were rated as more aesthetically pleasing and reading durations were shorter than with conventional subtitles. Based on the analysis of graphic design and filmmaking rules as well as conventional subtitling standards, a first workflow and set of placement strategies for integrated titles were created in order to allow a more respectful handling of film material as well as the preservation of the original image composition and typographic film identity.

2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/21902 2020-01-31T16:31:08Z 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Crossroads between contrastive linguistics, translation studies and machine translation Czulo, Oliver; Hansen-Schirra, Silvia Contrastive Linguistics (CL), Translation Studies (TS) and Machine Translation (MT) have common grounds: They all work at the crossroad where two or more languages meet. Despite their inherent relatedness, methodological exchange between the three disciplines is rare. This special issue touches upon areas where the three fields converge. It results directly from a workshop at the 2011 German Association for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics (GSCL) conference in Hamburg where researchers from the three fields presented and discussed their interdisciplinary work. While the studies contained in this volume draw from a wide variety of objectives and methods, and various areas of overlaps between CL, TS and MT are addressed, the volume is by no means exhaustive with regard to this topic. Further cross-fertilisation is not only desirable, but almost mandatory in order to tackle future tasks and endeavours, and this volume is committed to bringing these three fields even closer together.

2017-01-01T00:00:00Z